The Role of Women in Politics and Power Creation Assignment

The Role of Women in Politics and Power Creation - Assignment Example Merely naming the pejorative stereotypes attributed to Black women (e.g. mammy, the matriarch, Sapphire, whore, bull dagger), let alone cataloging the cruel, often murderous, treatment we receive, Indicates how little value has been placed upon our lives during four centuries of bondage in the Western hemisphere. We realize that the only people who care enough about us to work consistently for our liberation are us. Our politics evolve from a healthy love for ourselves, our sisters, and our community, which allows us to continue our struggle and work. This focusing upon our own oppression is embodied in the concept of identity politics. We believe that the most profound and potentially most radical politics come directly out of our own identity, as opposed to working to end somebody else's oppression. In the case of Black women, this is a particularly repugnant, dangerous, threatening, and therefore revolutionary concept because it is obvious from looking at all the political movemen ts that have preceded us that anyone is more worthy of liberation than ourselves. We reject pedestals, queenhood, and walking ten paces behind. To be recognized as human, levelly human, is enough... ( Williams, Mary, & Emerson 2008)

Using the Writing Process Essay Example for Free

Using the Writing Process Essay In the article that researcher Deborah Tannen wrote entitled ‘How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently,’ she relates her experiences about linguistic research and then indicates that, in the different regional, ethnic, and class backgrounds, there is great difference with the way males and females use their own languages. This paper revolves around the article written by Deborah Tannen, which was originally published in the Chronicle of Higher Education in the year 1991. In the end, it proves how males and females differ in their use of language, and that males tend to speak more when in public, while females speak more when in private. Thus, open class discussions are more apt to the male gender, while small group discussions are more apt to the female gender. Females are more shy and withdrawn when drawn to the public. Main Body Summary In the article, Tannen (1991) distinguishes some of the apparent differences when it comes to males and females’ use of language. One of the differences is that, females who come from single-sex schools â€Å"do better in later life† (Tannen, 1991, p. 38). Apart from that, males usually talk more whenever they sit next to females in classrooms. Tannen (1991) also relates how sociologists J. Lever, M. H. Goodwin, and D. Eder proves that both males and females learn to use language differently in their peer groups. Tannen (1991) recalls, Typically, a girl has a best friend with whom she sits and talks, frequently telling secrets. It’s the telling of secrets, the fact and the way that they talk to each other†¦ For boys, activities are central: their best friends are the ones they do things with. Boys also tend to play in larger groups that are hierarchical. (Tannen, 1991, p. 38) Males have a lot of experiences being with larger crowds and this entails them to talk more. Tannen (1991) mentions how males and females around the world differ in linguistic styles, their verbal rituals usually engage males in a contest or war of words, while females usually engage in ritual laments through rhyming couplets that express their feelings (p. 39). In American conversation, however, Tannen (1991) relates her teaching experiences, and comes to the conclusion that male teachers do â€Å"verbal sparring† (p. 39); female teachers, however, usually do verbal touching that makes the discussion more hospitable to many students in the class. The latter, however, appear to be uninteresting and boring to the males. Tannen (1991) mentions three reasons on why males speak more in class than females: first is because the setting appears to be public, which males find more interesting; second is because the setting is more conducive to debate-like communication; third and final is because the setting reflects different attitudes toward speaking, which males have had more experiences with (p. 40). Females appear to be more shy or withdrawn, as compared to males. Response In relation to the main topic that is: there is a great difference with the way males and females use their own languages, I personally agree to this because I always experience what she just mentioned about male students speaking more in class. In most of the classes that I attended to, it is always the male side that opens up new topics to discuss, for example, and then the females are usually the ones that stretch the topic to new horizons or angles of discussion. This makes it more lively and entertaining. However, I do not agree about what Tannen (1991) mentioned about females that come from single-sex schools doing better in life. In fact, my experiences relate that females that come from single-sex schools appear to be more withdrawn and shy when mixed in classes that are composed of both males and females. It appears that they are more apt only in communicating with females, which is opposed to what they should have learned in school. Thus, what Tannen (1991) finds, that based on her experiment in class it is better to put males and females in smaller groups, females that come from single-sex schools are more apt to this type of discussion style. There are certain styles that this type of females find obscure and incomprehensible, since they are more comfortable only with their own gender. About male teachers doing verbal sparring, while female teachers do verbal touching, this is not always the case. I have had teachers that do the opposite thing: males that do verbal touching and females that do verbal sparring. It is always better to mix male and female teachers because it makes the class more rounded when talking of discussions. Females stretch out to new horizons, while males make the topic more interesting: one that would stick to the mind of the students. Yet, as a whole, I personally agree that more females are shy and withdrawn when compared to males that are more adventurous and daring. Lastly, in relation to the three reasons that Tannen (1991) mentioned that are the following: first is that male students speak more in class because they have had more experiences to public speaking. In relation to this, it is true that speaking in class is speaking in public, especially if the class is new and the students have not yet known one another. The second reason that Tannen (1991) mentioned, about male students speaking more in class because they are more conducive to debate-like communication, in general this may be true although a lot of females also tend to debate with other students, so this is not yet closed as it is. With the third reasons that Tannen (1991) mentioned, about males speaking more in class because they have had more experiences with dealing with different attitudes, this is also not closed as it is, since there are lots of males that do not have much experiences being with the public, such as one of my associates in class. He is a male; yet, he is shy and withdrawn. Conclusion In the different regional, ethnic, and class backgrounds, Tannen (1991) finds that there is great difference with the way males and females use their languages. Nevertheless, it is never good to put both genders in closed doors. There are always exceptions to the case. Reference Tannen, D. (1991). How male and female students use language differently. In Learning at school (pp. 38-43). Place: publisher.

Mass Tourism And Damage in Tourism

Mass Tourism And Damage in Tourism Chichen Itza is a famous tourism and archaeological site in Mexico. It is situated in the Yucatan Peninsula state of Mexico. Chichen Itza was built by the Mayas, one of the oldest existing habitations of Mexico and the world. The site was also known Uucyabnal, which means Seven Great Rulers (Henderson,1997). It is located at approximately 25 miles southeast of the city of Merida. It is also known as one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. In year of 1988, it was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Since 2007, when Chichen-Itzas El Castillo (Kukulkan Pyramid) was named in the list as one of the New 7 Wonders of the World after a worldwide vote, the number of visiting tourists increased by 75 per cent. Now the Mexican tourism board is expecting to double this tourist number by 2012. Almost 2.5 million tourists visited Chichen ltza in 2009 (Mexico tourism statistics, 2010). The pyramid of Kukulkan, the Feathered Serpent God (also known as Quetzalcoatl to the Toltecs and Aztecs) is the largest and most important ruin structure at Chichen Itza. The old Spaniards (Mexico was ruled by Spain in past) called it El Castillo, which means the Castle. However, the pyramid does not look like a castle and in old times it was used for religious and astronomical purposes. This legendary ninety-foot tall pyramid was built during the 11th to 13th centuries. The basic structure is based upon the previous pyramid (Barkin, 2000). The architecture of the pyramid shows some specific information about the old Mayan calendar, it is directly linked to the solstices and equinoxes. According to equinoxes two times a year there is an illusion of a snake, which is created by the sun, the pyramid has a set of 91 steps each side, which when linked together with the shared step of the stage at the top, total 365 steps which is indicative of the number of days in a year. The core ball court was the biggest ball court of those times, the size of the ball court is 166 x 68 meters and the sides are lined with sculptures of ball players (similar to the game of basketball). El Caracole (the central pyramid), or the Snail, is a round building with a twisting staircase that served as an observatory. The pyramid contained various instruments to help determine important dates and details in the Mayan calendar. Particularly, the equinox and the solstice were important in view of astronomy. An interesting and famous fact by the Mayan calendar is December 21, 2012 as this is the last day of the earth which is also depicted as doomsday (Tencati, 2007). This site is open almost every day of the year during the hours of 8 am to 5 pm. There is a light and sound show performed at 7 pm every day to attract tourists. Research says, this light and sound show is very harmful for Chichen Itza in view of sustainability. Management issues at the site 1. Mass Tourism and Damage 1.1 Current and Future of Mass Tourism Since the late 1930s tourism has grown worldwide. Due to the fact that after World War II western people were crucial in introducing free time and leisure activities to the working class, consequently there is more spending money for holidays (Judd Fainstein, 1999). This phenomenon has been the major cause in the increasing volume of tourism in Mexico. In the book Archaeological Tourism Walker (2009) refers to four Hs of cultural or indigenous tourism: habitat, history, handicrafts and heritage researched by Valene Smith (1996): habitat means the geographic setting and underlying platform for the visit. History implies post-contact relations between Westerners and aboriginal groups. Handicrafts often are created for souvenirs and made from local goods, which are relative to the market demands of tourism. Lastly, heritage refers to the body of knowledge and skills associated with human survival in terms of individual values and beliefs. In this case, the tourism interaction of Chichà ƒ ©n Itzà ¡ offered all of these elements and more. Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ and its dominating features have become the symbol of Mexico for example; the pyramids of Kukulcà ¡n and El Catillo. The achievements of the Mayan Riviera in astronomy are also widely known in the cycles of the heavens namely in the Maya calendar. As a result, there is an influx of visitors to Mexico who are timing their travels, to coincide with astronomical phenomena. Furthermore during the spring and fall equinoxes, the pyramid presents a graphic depiction of darkness and light, symbolizing day and night. The sun of the late afternoon creates the illusion of a snake creeping slowly down the northern staircase (The University of North Carolina, 2011), large crowds of visitors come to the site to view this spectacle. Juan Jose Martà ­ Pacheco, a secretary for the Tourist Promotion of Yucatan has identified the number of visitors to Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ has increased by 75 percent since being named a wonder of the world (New 7 Wonders, 2010). In addition the number of tourists expected to visit Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ will double by 2012 (Lyn M, 2008). In response to this influx of tourists for the near future, the World Heritage Alliance (an international organization which is responsible for supporting World Heritage conservation, sustainable tourism and local economic development for communities in and around UNESCO World Heritage sites). Is working with the Secretary of Tourism for Mexico and the Mexican Tourism Board, along with the founding partners of the World Heritage Alliance, Expedia, Inc. (NASDAQ: EXPE) and the United Nations Foundation, have extended more partnership to promote and preserve World Heritage sites especially Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ through 2012 (Consejo de Promocià ³n Turà ­stica de Mà ©xico, 2007). 1.2 Carrying Capacity Management The impact of over tourism is also related to the natural resources in Chichà ©n Itzà ¡. Many archaeologists are concerned about the public consequences of their research and restoration in heritage sites and are making important efforts to provide archaeologically and environmentally responsible, sustainable, and educationally sound contributions to local communities and national governments (Walker, 2009). In particular the responses of local government, the Nature Conservancy and the Rainforest Alliance have been working to build capacity for conservation by working with local communities and promoting sustainable livelihoods that support forest health and biodiversity conservation in the Maya Forest region (Ayen, 2007). On the other hand the planning for the construction of water management in the ancient city of Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ takes into account practical considerations for the needs of a growing population, as well as preventing flooding during the rainy season that may be the cause of architecture collapse (Rocio, Osorio Schmidt, 2009). 1.3 Security in Mass Tourism The security concerns separate into two issues. First is the security of their own material patrimony such as artifacts on display in a museum, monuments and archaeological materials. Second is the safety and comfort of visitors. Breglia (2006) explained that preventive measures at that site included the installation of ropes or chains to assist in climbing certain structures and to prohibit public access to others. The stairs of the structure are narrow footholds and also difficult for visitors to navigate even under dry conditions. Moreover, there is no an official policy to warn visitors against climbing, even when the lightest rains turn climbing into a slippery and dangerous undertaking. Although tourism is the only product where the consumer must go to the source to consume, this is more apparent in the Maya world where major archaeological destinations namely Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ in Mexico, expected in the order of over million visitors a year (Meethan, Anderson Miles, 2009). However, citing concerns over safety after various incidents of death and serious injury that visitors have sustained over the years at Chichà ©n Itzà ¡, the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in Mexico has closed down most of the popular monuments to solve the tourist traffic problem on the site (Cyark, 2011). For instance, El Castillo, the main pyramid of Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ was closed after a tourist fell to her death in 2006. In addition, the Jaguar Throne room was also closed down in 2007. 2. Vendors The next problem on this site is the local vendors, who try to sell local craft carved stone, cheap price Mexican cloth and food. This site has more than 500 vendors in the corridor of the pyramid. These vendors create some big hassles for tourists and management because they try to up sale their vending items to the tourists. The more important thing is that these vendors have unstructured shops in the protected area of the pyramid. During the season, this number reaches in the thousands. The visual appeal of site is affected by their tables and blankets in the park. Almost every tourist is affected by these vendors and their push selling strategies. The federal government has developed a new plan for these vendors. The director of Regional Programs on site, Juan Carlos Arnau says, There is a project to build a space outside the archaeological zone for the sale of crafts and to offer complementary productive alternatives for the local communities. This plan is in progress with coordination of the state government of Yucatan and diverse local municipal governments. But yet, there is no defined date to start this project but it is targeted to finish by the year 2012. 3. Economic Inequality Tourism in Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is a main source of economic growth in the Yucatà ¡n Peninsula. According to the book Population, Development and Environment on the Yucatà ¡n Lutz, Prieto and Sanderson (2000) identified that the next 20 years of tourism in Yucatà ¡n Peninsula, tourism will be the most dynamic economic activity on Yucatà ¡n peninsula in both the short and medium terms. With the increasing tourism and population, it might be a main factor which affects environmental problems directly. Thus ecotourism should be a right technique to balance both a big amount of tourists and environment. Due to that fact that ecotourism is an accessible Engine of economic growth which without excessively heavy investment can help a country generate foreign exchange and added to this is the hope it will be green and sustainable (Barrow, 2006). Infrastructure Development Improvements have been made in Yucatà ¡n since 1990, for example; the international airport and highway transportation system. The purposes of this practice is to provide a more accessible gateway to the ancient Maya site of Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ and also to the new maquila plants opening around Valladolid (Baklanoff Moseley, 2008). At this time, the main causeway under construction aims to access directly and indirectly to the center of the Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ site, integrated by the Group of the Castle and the Group of the Thousand Columns, both built on top of the Great Leveling (Ruiz, 2009). Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ has become the nexus of this great metropolis, and the strict internal political control that existed through this sophisticated network. 4. Land Ownership Chichen Itza sold (A conflict between property owner and government is finished) It is a great mystery for the millions of visitors around the world who trip to the site each year that, Chichen Itza has been privately owned for the past 500 years. On March 29, 2010, Hans Jurgen Thies Barbachano, owner of the 200 acre property on which some of the worlds most identifiable monuments stand, EL Castillo, the ball court and the temple of warriors, decided to sell his belongings to the state of Yucatan for $220 million Mexican ($17.6 million US). This property war ended after more than a decade of debate between the property owner and the state federal government. Various stakeholders such as the vendors and the local people have been affected by this decision. According to an interview of Barbachano Gomez Rul, brother of the property owner during the years of 2005 and 2006,the owner has received a certain percentage of tourist tickets sold. The owner has his own entrance gate and has developed his own hotel in front of the pyramid named the Maya land resort (Alright, 2000). The owner said in interviews that he was not opposed to selling Chichen Itza, he only wanted a reasonable price, which he estimated at $250 million in US dollars which was a huge amount. According to the director of INAH at the time, Alfonso Maria y Fields, INAH made a formal offer for pyramid and that all archeological zone of $8 million Mexican, but again received no response from the owner. By the end of 2006 the owner was dead and his Chichen Itza property belonged to his grandson, Han Jurgen Thies Barbachano. The new owner had accepted the new deal of the government and Chichen Itza was sold to the state government for $220 million Mexican peso or $17.6 million US dollar, on 29 March 2010. Although, the owner is still waiting to receive the money, the principal parties signed a purchase contract in front of a press conference. Jorge Esma Bazan, director of Yucatans Culture, illustrated a 10-point policy plan for the future of this archeological site. This policy regulation explained future work with cooperation INAH. This contract also has some points to discuss with vendors and try to find out a solution for them. The policy is focused on the creation more opportunities for the local Mayan people. The policy also illustrates future major tasks for the state government in the field of research and restoration of Chichen Itza. Current Management Practices at the site To support the growing tourism of Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ in 2012, the government has to manage the main issue that is mass tourism. Dr. Steven Fly (2011), the author of Plugging Yucatà ¡n into the Tourism Circuit in Yucatà ¡n Living Online Magazine, mentions Plan Maetro Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ (Master plan of Chichà ©n Itzà ¡) 2011 that this Yucatà ¡n tourism project is part of an integrated plan with the archaeological sites, two new attractions (Museum of the Maya World in Merida and Palace of the Maya Civilization) and the circuit of infrastructure. With the large number of tourists predicted for the future, Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ will not be the only place to encounter this fast tourism in the Yucatà ¡n. New attractions have been created for this reason. The Palace of the Maya Civilization is a museum which is proposed in Yaxcaba, located approximately ten kilometers from Chichà ©n Itzà ¡. The museum reveals the origins of the Maya world and includes a 300-seat IMAX theater and gift shop, a courtyard and outdoor amphitheater. Museum of the Maya World in Merida closed to the Siglo XXI convention centre on December 21, the significant date is from the belief of the Maya calendar, which is the end of the world in 2012. Moreover the government is also creating the tourist complex in Rio Largartoes city with government owned resorts and hotels. As well as a tourist intelligence information system offered by the state government will introduce tourists to the new attractions and will assist the state in a part of capacity management. The circuit of infrastructure consists of the network of four features in the peninsula are archaeology, colonial, ecological and coastal circuits. These tourist circuits are redesigned and rebuilt roadways. In part of infrastructure in the Mayan World will be started with improvements and remodeling of the Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ International Airport in Kaua. Next project will be the redesign and renovation of the Malecon in Progreso which is a major port that will have an increase in traffic due to several cruise ship lines each year. Finally, there is the construction of cross peninsular trenes rapidos (fast train) named Bullet Train. The major route will be across the Yucatà ¡n Peninsula, from Mà ©rida to Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ and Valladolid. Recommendations for Sustainable Management The state government should limit the numbers of tourists on the site per day and arrange a timetable by online reservation for group tours and individually. To enhance security on the site, the government has to provide more infrastructures, for examples; the international public signs, the gates surrounding the site and general facilities. Due to the mass tourism, the impact may lead to pollution problems in the future. Thus the government should prepare for waste management. Local government and INAH should support the locality by buying the art works and refuse purchasing products from endangered animals or being offered illegal products. Moreover, most of indigenous products can be value added when displayed in art galleries and art museums. Government should reduce the trading hours of the site. Currently its open 365 days consisting 10 hours each day. Possibly it should be 5 days a week for tourism sustainability. Local government and INAH can buy this art and can sell to tourists in proper art gallery or can show in an art museum which is beneficial for both, vendors and government. Tourist can also enjoy this art in meaningful manner and can enjoy trip without vendors hassle. Local Craft institute can be an option to support this art and vendors to educate the locals and vendors. Conclusion With support and promotion by the Mexican government, Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ has become one of the globally well-known sites as the symbol of Mexico. Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is also faced with many management issues such as mass tourism, vendors, economic inequality and land ownership since being one of Seven Wonders of the World in 2007. As a result, the state government has to invest the budget in infrastructure, new attractions and accommodations to encounter an increasing number of tourists everyday. However, the side-effect of this practice leads to excessive tourism accessing the main attractions. Therefore, the government should start limiting the number of tourists allowed at the site. Due to the fact that uncontrolled tourism will damage existing structures, new infrastructure and nature. As well as the government needs to find the solution for the waste problem from over-visitation in the near future.

Media and Fear of Crime Essay -- Media TV Crime Television Essays

The mass media is a vehicle for delivering information and to entertain. But implications that the media do more harm than good concerning its practices and its effects on the public. The two main categories of mass media are print media and electronic media. Although they overlap in some areas, they differ mostly in the subject matter they cover and in their delivery methods. Research had been conducted in using both these forms to gauge the impact that each one has on the public. Print media tends to be more factual based whereas electronic media tend to focus more on visual aids to help relay the information. The public’s fear of crime has an impact on the public agenda of policy makers. Fear of crime not only affects individual but may also have an impact on the laws that affect crime control and prevention. One might turn on any evening news broadcast these days and be bombarded with images of war, violence and stories of unsuspecting citizens victimized in their own communities. Is crime on the increase or is it just media hype? There are countless television shows with plots dedicated to the depiction of criminal activities fouled by law enforcement agencies with the helping hand of the law. Newspaper headlines scream out daily in bold print and action photos of the latest tragedies. Should the public be fearful of what the television conveys to us, be cautious of whatever new crime wave is presented on the media? These questions may lead one to wonder if the depiction of crime in the mass media affects the public’s perception of safety and danger in society. Mass media refers to media that are easily, inexpensively, and simultaneously accessible to large segments of a population (Surette, 10). Although the mass media are only one of the sources from which citizens attain knowledge of crime and justice, it is by far the most influential. According to one study, the mass media are credited with providing 95 percent of the information the public receives about crime (Surette, 10). With these statistics, it seems that the fear of crime is indeed constructed through the media. In March 1994, the Times Mirror Center for the people and the Press conducted a poll that measured the public’s fear of crime. Fifty percent of the respondents said they feared that they would be the victims of crime, up from 36 percent in 1988 (Krajicek, 23). There are t... ...it is the advent of television media that have sparked debate over the integrity of reliable news making. Print media was factual, although sometimes sensational, while electronic media made use of the technologies, such as videotapes and live footage to enhance and exaggerate the drama of the event even further. Many research studies have been conducted to show the effects of the media coverage on crime and how it influences the publics of fear of crime. Mass media has perpetuated a notion that crime is on the increase by portraying events and tragedies in the headlines that are sensational. The public buys into that idea, despite statistical accounts that reflect stable or low crime rates. The more stories people read and watch about crime, the more likely they are to think that crime is out of control. Politicians may then enact legal reforms to sooth the public’s outcry for crime control and prevention. As easy as it may be to hold the media accountable for barraging u s with images and ideas that affect our views and beliefs, it important that the public take responsibility for the information that we consume. After all, there is always the â€Å"off† button on the remote control.

In Focus: On Kurds and Their Struggles for Independence

Kurds are a non-Arabic ethnic group adhering to the teachings of Sunni Muslim faith. This group is said to be compassionate, romantic and fatalistic as it is evidently shown with their literature. Kurds are politically and ideologically diverse (Yildiz and Blass, 2004). They fought several struggles to claim their independence, but still, their struggles seem unending. At present, they are still establishing their own independent states in Syria, Iran, and Iraq. Brief History About the Kurds McKiernan (2006) stated that Kurds are Indo-European people residing in the mountains and highlands of Kurdistan ( area where Turkey, Iran and Iraq meet). They do have their own native language that is much like of the Persian language. Also, Kurds adhere to the belief of Sunni Muslim faith, but there are some who embrace other religions such as Jews, Yazidis, Christianity and other sects. Their way of living is nomadic. Herding sheep and goat is their main source of living. Until the middle of 19th century, Kurds were never at peace due to the disagreement of the Ottoman and Persian Empire about border areas. The result: Kurds are mistrusted by both empires. The group was pressured to give up their old ways, to conform to the majority. They are forced to learn the language of the nation. Upon learning such language, they were to give up Kurdish identity and to accept the nationalism of the borders where they are residing. The group was divided; but most of them tried to resist the changes particularly those concerning their identity (Saleem, 2006). Kurds and Their Struggles As early as 19th century, Kurdistand, a territory for the Kurds had been promised but it was never kept until this day. Throughout the years, as new state systems have been imposed targeting centralization, homogenization, and control, the Kurds hav been made homeless. In addition, new state systems have their own political ideologies where the demands of the minorities are last among its priorities (McDowall, 2004). After the conflicts and struggles, there was peace among the Kurds that lasted for twenty years. But during the peaceful period, Kurds were maltreated; specifically they did not have rights that ensured their safety and protection. Due to such treatment, Kurds opted to continue their struggle for independence and nationhood (Mckiernan, 2006). Yildiz and Blass (2004) reported that Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria are the concerns since Kurds area presently residing in those countries. The government of the mentioned countries have implemented several strategies on whether to accept or deny the political, social, and security demands of the Kurds. And often, the strategies deny the legitimacy of the Kurds in the country concerned.   The demands and rights are taken away from the group, peaceful talks regarding the concepts of Kurdistan were never given. In Turkey, there are bout 10 million Kurds forbidden to speak their native language, instead they are forced to learn and speak the Turkish language; if caught speaking the Kurdish language, they will be imprisoned. Also, they must not call themselves as â€Å"Kurds†, instead they must label themselves as â€Å"Mountain Terks†. The Kurds in Turkey cannot withstand the discrimination, they rebelled against the Turkish government but instead of winning their plea; the government suppressed the rebellion by deporting thousands of Turks from the country (Gunter, 1997). It was in 1920 when the Iranians ruled over the Kurds. The Iranian domination over the Kurds stopped in 1946, when the Kurds of Mahabad were successful in claiming their independent republic. The Kurds were able to win their rights, registering their tribal lands as their own possession. They were also given a seat in the ruling elite, ensuring that their demands and rights are protected as well. After the Shia revolution, their demands and rights were once more deprived of them (McDowall, 2004). It was in Iraq, where there are several revolts held by the Kurds to uphold their rights and privileges as a nation, as an inhabitant of Iraq. The revolt started in 1964 which was led by Mullah Mustafa Barzani, the famous leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq (KDP). In 1975, the rights and privileges fought for had been heard later on to find out that their leader had abandoned the Kurds in exchange for self-interest. Brutal attacks had been done to Kurdish civilians (Yildiz and Blass, 2004). The demands of the Kurds are seen as challenges for the country’s ruling body. The group is regarded as a hindrance for government systems to be implemented smoothly. Often, Kurdish political demands such as shared power and resources among different political groups, multi-ethnic and multi-religious, are viewed as threats for the country’s security and sovereignty.   Despite the long years of struggles that are continuing up to the present, Kurds remain to be political inhabitants of the country (Mckiernan, 2006). The Kurdish people up to present are still continuing their battle against oppression and colonization among Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. They are continuously fighting to uphold their identity, rights and to rule over their own individuality. Despite the efforts given, the conflicts among Kurds must first be resolved. The tribal social structure of each group residing in Kurdistan areas, their beliefs and particularly the political ideologies they are adhering to. The differences among them must first be resolved in order to achieve good outputs.   And for the past years of struggle, many Kurds have given up their lives to achieve the political ideologies that they have been fighting for. Kurds experienced devastating tragedies killing fellow Kurds believing in their rights a group, as an individual, and as an ethnic Kurd member (Saleem, 2006). Conclusion Despite the years that have passed, the struggles seem endless for the Kurds. There are several reasons contributing to the failure of their long struggle. Internal disputes among them seem trivial but have effectively impeded their way to success. The countries still hold to their tactics in eventually eliminating their rights and privileges, while Kurds adhere to their political beliefs and upholding their rights. Unless a quorum is reached, this issue is unlikely to be resolved . Compromise among the countries and the Kurds must be made possible. Peaceful dialogue among the groups should be initiated as early as now. Once more, we should not allow devastating killings to occur and peace initiatives at the national and international levels must be strengthened in order to have a conducive atmosphere for peaceful dialogue. As for the Kurds, who suffered pain throughout their years of battle, they must conform to these peace initiatives being set. The peaceful coexistence of both peoples is achievable. For this proposal to occur, there must be bilateral ceasefire and negotiations among the involved parties. The future of the group is within their hands. The internal conflicts among them must first be resolved in order to achieve unity. The differences and the question of supremacy must be set aside in order to negotiate the rights and privileges that they are all fighting for. The governments will see that the rights and privileges are not demands that would impede the country’s system. Respect is the key for the successful deployment of peace negotiations. One must learn to respect one’s individuality. The political beliefs that both parties have, are working well for their respective inhabitants, and the process should be allowed to maintain this status quo. Kurds may preserve their individuality and be able to utilize the culture handed on to them in such a set-up.   Language and education would be their most powerful tools that will allow them to churn out meaningful literary output (written in their native tongue), showcasing to the world their cultural heritage and its uniqueness. References Gunter, M. (1997).   The Kurds and the Future of the Turkey. St. Martin’s Press, NY. USA 56-70. McDowall, D. (2004). A Modern History of the Kurds. 3rd edn. St. Martin’s Press, NY.USA. 423-456. McKiernan, K. (2006). The Kurds: A People in Search of their Homeland.   St. Martin’s Press, NY.USA. Saleem, H. (2006).   My Father’s Rifle: A Childhood in Kurdistan. Picador. 47-87. Yildiz, K. and Blass, T. (2004). The Kurds in Iraq: The Past, Present, and Future. Pluto Press.

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Rice was initially suspended or three games as a result of his actions. It was not until the situation became public that the NFG decided to take further aggressive action against Rice. This situation could have been handled much differently had the NFG thought out the potential impact Rice's actions would have on the NFG its fans, and domestic violence camps. It's important to think critically in these types of situations because it shows that action is being taken not only because complaints are made, but because it is truly unacceptable and will not be tolerated.Otherwise, you will find yourself justifying the actions of the fender as well as your organization. Define free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion. Explain how we use them to form thoughts. What role does each play in critically assessing situations? Free will can be defined as the â€Å"capacity to respond in ways that oppose even the strongest influences† (Ruggeri, 2009). Free will determines what someone really wants without consequence rather then what they are forced to do.Truth is anything that can be proven, it is â€Å"the reality of the matter, as distinguished from what people wish so, believe to be so, or assert to be so† (Ruggeri, 2009). Truth is not opinion but ether facts that are waiting to be discovered. Facts may change, but the truth will always be just that, the truth. Knowledge is taught and is always evolving. Knowledge is what we are familiar with; â€Å"we can obtain authentic knowledge in any one of three ways: personal experience, observation, and report from others† (Ruggeri,2009) .Unknowing helps with understanding the topic in question and drawing educated conclusions when all the facts are not present. Opinions are subjective and â€Å"are intensely personal† (Ruggeri 2009). Opinions can be of taste or judgment but either way does not require explanation or defending. Identify three hindrances to the critical thinking process. Determine metho ds for overcoming these hindrances. Identify a time in which you experienced a hindrance in critical thinking. Describe a method you could use to overcome the hindrances.Three hindrances in the critical thinking process are the mine-is-better habit, stereotyping, and resistance to change. â€Å"The mine-is-better habit hinders our thinking. It destroys objectivity and prompts us to prefer self-flattering errors to unpleasant realities. If you wish to be a good thinker, you must learn to intro this habit and keep your ego from interfering with your search for truth† (Ruggeri 2009). Having an open-minded during the thinking process can help with the mind-is-better habit.Being open-minded removes any false notions that your way is better and allows for an accurate assessment of the current situation. â€Å"Resistance to change is the tendency to reject new ideas and new ways of seeing or doing without examining them fairly† (Ruggeri 2009). In order to overcome this hindra nce we must be willing to let go of the pass and give change a fair change before writing it off. Stereotyping is another hindrance to the critical thinking process. It is a generalization of any group or class of people. â€Å"The most common stereotypes are racial, religious, and ethnic.There is the stereotype of the black, the fundamentalist Christian, the Italian. But there are many other types as well, no less firm for being less common-?for example, stereotypes of homosexuals, the clergy, college dropouts, feminists, male chauvinists, New York City, singles' bars, motherhood-?even God† (Ruggeri 2009). The best way to over-come a stereotype is to conduct research and base your thinking from what is learned through first-hand research. I experienced a hindrance in my thinking process when trying to decide whether I should enroll back into school. As too focused on the change that going back to school would have on my daily routine. Once I stop focusing on the change and p ay more attention to the pros, I successfully moved forward with my though process. Identify a message in advertising. Describe how you perceive the message of the advertisement. Try to determine the reality of the advertisement. Distinguish between your perception and the reality of the message. Samsung recently released a commercial advertising their new Galaxy Note 4 as the next big hint.

Characteristics of Contemporary Literature Essays

Characteristics of Contemporary Literature Essays Characteristics of Contemporary Literature Paper Characteristics of Contemporary Literature Paper Essay Topic: Literature Multiple meanings of the word game War, mind games, jax Evidence of the men being crazy in Game Playing jax, writing on the walls, repetition of phrases, being obsessed with each others weapons What the men in Game represent Russia USA acting childish in war What are the mens hidden guns represent? Nuclear weapons What the keys do in Game launch bombs How Game is an example of Contemporary Literature Uses multiple meanings How Everything Stuck to Him is an example of Contemporary Literature Uses works in nontraditional forms How Everything Stuck to Him is written Frame Story: present-flash back-present story within a story Dialogue in Everything Stuck to Him no quotations What does the girl boy teasing each other about her sister show about their relationship? The strong trust they have How Straw Into Gold is an example of Contemporary Literature Nontraditional forms cultural diversity What does Cisneros inherit from her mother? Street smarts How does Cisneros show cultural diversity? She is Latino What story Straw Into Gold eludes to Fairytale of Rumpelstiltskins Nontraditional form in Straw Into Gold Personal essay uses the past fearlessly Multiple meanings of straw gold straw-her past gold-now What else does Cisneros turn into gold? the tortillas at her college frienda house How Cisneros views herself? As an 11 year old girl What Cisneros inherits from her father A sappy heart love of wandering How Hiroshima is an example of Contemporary Literature Blends overlaps fiction nonfiction How Hiroshima is written Like a newspaper-fiction but reads like nonfiction Main cause of death in Hiroshima After the explosion because there wasnt enough medical care How Auto Wreck is an example of Contemporary Literature Multiple meanings synthesis Moral of Everything Stuck to Him Feelings cannot be put into nice, neat packages Why the men in Game are stuck there for extended time Oweing to an oversight multiple meaning of bird missiles Japanese Stoicism Didnt freak out like Americans would have Synesthesia Relating two senses to each other loud dress What are the metaphors in Auto Wreck related to? Medical field How the car in Auto Wreck is like a locust shell The life that was once in the car was removed Moral of Auto Wreck Accidental cause of death is incomprehensible Grim joke in AutoWreck Accidents just happen-theyre no ones fault How is Rules of the Game an example of Contemporary Literature Features cultural diversity/motivation Where Tan learns chess in the park with older people What motivated Tan to run away from her mother? Embarrassment from her mothers pride boastfulness How did Tan learn to get her way with her mother? reverse psychology How In Search of Our Mothers Gardens' is an example of Contemporary Literature Uses the past fearlessly/cultural diversity In what 3 ways did Walkers mom show her creativity? 1. Quilting 2. Storytelling 3. Gardening What Walker found in search? That we find our own creative spirit from our mothers How dialogue is used in Black Boy Used to show characters emotions, reveals struggles through poverty, lack of emotions of his father, paints a picture for you

Speech on Environmental Issues Today Research Paper Example

Speech on Environmental Issues Today Research Paper Example Speech on Environmental Issues Today Paper Speech on Environmental Issues Today Paper Albert Einstein said Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better. Our planet is in trouble! Pretty much everywhere you look today you will hear or see something reminding you that our planets health is failing. If our planet where a person it would be about time to buy the burial plot and write out the last will and testament. Just a brief list of the things that is ailing her is pollution, acid rain, climate change, the destruction of rainforests and other wild habitats, the decline and extinction of thousands of pieces of animals and plants. ND so on. Think everyone in here can agree that all Of these issues exist and that humans have caused them. Thankfully many of us are concerned about the future of our planet and unless we can find a way of solving the problems then the environment will suffer. Know this all sounds so depressing but we cant get overwhelmed. Every one of us can do something to help slow down and reverse some of the damage. We cannot leave the problem-solving entirely to the experts we all have a responsibility to our environment. We must learn to live in way that will sustain our world like learn to use our natural resources which include air, freshwater, forests, wildlife, farmland and seas without damaging them. As populations expand and lifestyles change, we have to keep the world in a condition so that future generations will have the same natural resources that we have today. Here I am going to list just a few examples of the threats to our environment as well as some ideas to help you to do something about them. Waste We humans create a lot of trash! Between 1992 and 2008 household waste increased by 16% and we now produce just under half a ton per person each year. Most of this trash is hauled away by the garbage man and buried in a huge landfill or it is burned. Both of these options are harmful in their own way. Is all our trash really trash? If you think about it, a lot of what we throw away could be used again. It makes sense to reuse and recycle our trash instead of just trying to solve the problem of where to put it! Much of our waste is made up of glass, metal, plastic and paper. Our natural resources such as trees, oil, coal and aluminum are used up in enormous amounts to aka these products and the resources will one day be completely used up. So in order to cut down on the energy used lets reuse. What can you do? * Sort out your trash. Organic matter (e. G. Potato peelings, left over food, tea leaves etc. ) can be put in to a compost heap in the garden and used as a good, natural fertilizer for the plants. Aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers are often collected from our doorsteps, but other items such as plastic bottles, juice cartons and cardboard may not be, in which case they can be taken to nearby recycling banks. You can find out where they are by just searching on line. * Use recycled paper to help save trees. Chlorine bleach is usually used to make newspapers and this pollutes rivers. Its better to use unbleached, recycled paper whenever you can. * Take your old clothes to charity shops. Some are sold, others are returned to textile mills for recycling. * Try to avoid buying plastic. Its hard to recycle. One way to cut down on plastic is to refuse to use plastic bags offered by supermarkets and use cloth re-useable shopping bags instead, or re-use plastic bags over and over again, until they Wear Out and then recycle them. Pollution The air, water and soil of habitats all over the world have been, and are being polluted in many different ways. This pollution affects the health of living things. Air is damaged by vehicle emissions, and power stations create acid rain which destroys entire forests and lakes. When fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal are burned to provide energy for lighting, cooking etc. They create polluting gases. Oils spills pollute sea water and kill marine life; chemical waste from factories and sewage, and artificial fertilizers from farmland, pollute river water, killing lilied and spreading disease. What can be done? * Dont litter. Use less energy by switching off lights when rooms are not in use, not wasting hot water, not overheating rooms. * Use a bicycle or walk instead of using a car when you can. Or radishes, and use the HOVE lane. * If you spot pollution, such as oil on the beach, report it. If you suspect a stream is polluted, report it to the local EPA office.. * Organic foods are produced without the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, preventing these pollutants from contaminating habitats and entering the food chain. So it may cost a little more but it is better for you and for the environment The Greenhouse Effect Certain gases in the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorocarbons, act like the glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight through to heat the Earths surface but trapping some of the heat as it radiates back into space. Without this the Earth would be frozen and lifeless. However, due to the Human Effect ,greenhouse gases are building up in the atmosphere, causing a greater amount of heat to be reflected back to Earth. This results in an increase in average world temperatures and is already causing more droughts, flooding and extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes which we have all seen on the news. Some ways to Help * Dont waste electricity or heat. Electricity and heating are produced by burning coal, oil and gas and this action gives off carbon dioxide. The more We use the more We pollute. * Car fumes produce carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide so try to cut down on car trips if possible. Use a bike or walk its good exercise for you too! * Recycle as much of your waste as you can. Methane, the most effective greenhouse gas, is released into the air as the rash in landfill sites rots. Now I realize we cant all live on a farm and grow our own food and all drive smart cars. We Texans normally cant walk or take a bike places because everything is so far away. My dream job has always been one that I could ride a bike to, that sounds funny but every little bit helps. Some other things I did were to change out all of my light bulbs with energy efficient ones, and reinstated my house. This and other things save me money but they also save the environment. Let me leave you with one last thing: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!

Wk4 INTL304 Forum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk4 INTL304 Forum - Coursework Example Precisely, these sources include communication systems, weapon, systems, and radar. In addition, SIGNET provides data for national diplomacy, scientific use, and economic planning for improving the security of the nation. SIGNET has five components that provide the essential intelligence information3. In particular, these mechanisms are communication, electronic, non-imaging infrared, laser, and radar intelligence. However, these components are categorised into three broad categories that fall under the intelligence community and aid in the collection and exploitation of the signal transmitted from the sources mentioned above4. Precisely, these three groups are Communications Intelligence (COMINT), Foreign Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT), and Electronic Intelligence (ELINT). Although there are various functions of SIGNET, data collection and signal analysis are the primary and most essential features. First, Signet collects information in different ways depending on the type of message targeted. The NSA receives the raw data and uses its translators, analysts, cryptologists, and other technical experts to convert the unprocessed data into constructive information5. After the collection, processing, and analysis of the raw data, the useful information is passed to the CIA and the Intelligence Community analyst who integrate it with information from other sources to produce a furnished intelligence6. Finally, the data is distributed to various agencies and security personnel (policymakers and the President) who require the information for diplomatic and safety reasons. Central Intelligence Agency. "Intelligence: Signals Intelligence — Central Intelligence Agency." USAgov. Last modified 2010.

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Nursing research - Essay Example Hence, this type of research leads to conclusive knowledge that provide solutions for the nursing practice and inform nurses’ decisions based on evidence from practice. Peer reviewed journals commonly appear in academic journals, and they undergo a lot of scrutiny from experts in the fields of research in order determine their accuracy, significance, and originality. In effect, the experts’ opinion informs the printing of articles by the editors of the journal. Hence, various ways determine whether the journals have undergone peer review. First, the journal in which an article appears determines whether the article underwent peer review. In this case, cross checking the journal with a list that contains peer-reviewed journals is crucial. Secondly, it is important to cross check whether an article appears in databases such as university libraries, ProQuest, JSTOR, and many databases that contain peer-reviewed articles. In effect, articles that appear in these databases have undergone peer review. Finally, some articles contain information regarding whether they appeared in peer-reviewed journals. Hence, such information present in an article indicates the presence of peer reviewed

H.W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

H.W - Essay Example Despite there being so much noise, college education is a worthwhile investment which every person with the necessary passion and ability should strive to acquire. It has been proven to be true and is also a well known fact that graduates from college make more money than their high school peers. A research survey done by The Hamilton Project in October 2012 proved that the returns emanating from college are much better and higher than those from any other investment such as bonds, stocks or real estate. It was further discovered that the returns from college have continuously been constant for the past three and half decades. This demonstrates that the rising cost has effectively been offset by the gains derived by degree holders. For instance a young graduate from college took home $4,000 more every year in the ‘80s (with inflation adjusted), than someone of the same age without a degree. This figure has risen to $12,000 every year over the past 3 decades (Greenstone &Looney, 2012). Even though there is solid evidence regarding the lifetime worth of higher education, skeptics are alarmingly pointing to increasing cost to strengthen their argument that college is no good investment as it once was. It is of course correct that over the years ,there has been almost 50% rise in college cost(calculations courtesy of National Center for Education Statistics),which could be an overstatement, since this increase in tuition ignores recent financial aid increments. Thus even if the sticker cost of college may have increased, it is not clear to what extent the cost to students as well as their parents or guardians. College Board certifies that the actual cost of a college degree has remained considerably constant over the past one and half decades. This therefore means that investing in a 4 year degree still continues to be a worthwhile undertaking for the average person. Statistics from the US workers indicate that there are numerous benefits

Employablility skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employablility skills - Assignment Example I adhere to rules and regulations that are highly stipulated in the interworking of the banking industry, an ostensibly capitalistic system with stringent rules that are not stringently enforced (Beard, 2007, p.74). I was a summer analyst at [Quator capital] last year where I prepared books of accounts, analyzed clients presentations and built financial models for leveraged buyouts and credit reviews. I participated in deal calls as a team member in Financial Institutions Group and gained an understanding of how the needs of a client are best met on time. Presently as the organizing secretary of Brighton College Student Association, I oversee financial transactions for over 100 student organizations and a $600,000 budget, challenges which draw on my attention to details and ability to keep manifold priorities in balance (Teed & Bhattacharya, 2002, p.128). I am enticed by the practice of your firm of bringing together a hierarchy of assorted team members with diverse opportunities that bring in a distinction through creativity in solving problems that emerge in daily operations in the firm, a chance that embraces my best capability in critical thinking (Beard, 2007, p.79). Your investment firm is committed to service projects like mentoring at-risk learners and food serving in the local shelters, an advance that is appealing to me to be given my volunteer experience with our local Big Sisters program. The market global position and the client-centered philosophy of the firm combined with the opportunity to contribute to the community make your firm a thrilling place to build my career (Thorpe & Dulgarian, 2008, p.74). This opportunity will enable me to gain experience in professional industry while undertaking my undergraduate degree as it will grant me with both a competitive edge in the marketplace as well as an opportunity to exper ience the

Theory, Principle, and Torts In a Case Study Scenario Essay

Theory, Principle, and Torts In a Case Study Scenario - Essay Example Regarding torts, first of all, the nurse named Allison should be charged with neglect due to her lack of duty of care on the part of Ruth, the patient. She should not have forced any kind of treatment on Ruth, even if she thought it was best for her to do a compression dressing. Instead, Allison should have followed Ruth’s directives or wishes unless she did not have the power of attorney. It was very careless of Allison to simply tell Ruth that she would leave her walker out in the hallway till someone came back around lunchtime - a neighbor, no less - to check up on her. That nurse was so careless that she should be stripped of her licensure due to that foul-up. As a result, when trying to go to the bathroom, Ruth slipped and received a laceration which is a deep cut on her head. Not only this, but Ruth was also attended to by careless paramedics who didn’t transfer her over to the appropriate care unit until she was discovered some time later, not having been attende d to yet. Both on the parts of Allison and the paramedics, they really missed the boat or screwed up in terms of giving Ms. Symond the appropriate care that she needed.

ECONOMIC ADVISEMENT PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ECONOMIC ADVISEMENT - Research Paper Example The unemployment rate reported from 1948 until 2013, on an average was 5.81 percent. The highest unemployment rate recorded in USA was in November of 1982 which was 10.83 percent and the lowest was recorded in May of 1953, which was 2.50 percent. In united state, the unemployment rate measures the people who are unemployed, from the labor force. (trading economics, 2013) The interest rate in USA is reported by the Federal Reserve. The interest rate last recorded in USA was 0.25 percent. From 1917 until 2013 the average interest rate was 6.81 percent. The highest interest rate recorded was in March 1980, which was 20 percent, while the lowest interest rate was 0.25 in December 2008. In the United States, the interest rate is decided by the combined decision of the Federal Reserve (board) and the federal open market committee (FOMC). The decision is made by the board on the basis of the recommendations, given by one or more regional Federal Reserve Bank. (united state interest rate, 2013) According to a report by the commerce department, there was an increase of 2.6 percent in the consumer income, in USA. The report says that the salaries and wages of the American labors have been increasingly growing since December 2004. Due the increase in the income, there is an increase in the consumer spending as well. The rise in the consumer income rate was due to improve in the wages and the salaries of the American employees. The bonuses and the compensation were given by many companies to their employees, before in the raise in taxes. The consumption rate of the consumer was raised up to 2.2 percent, which was more than the estimated rate. The increase in the per person income rate is more than the estimated, this shows that the American economy have improved more than the expectation. There is an increase in the payroll tax from February, which has decreased the

Employablility skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employablility skills - Assignment Example I adhere to rules and regulations that are highly stipulated in the interworking of the banking industry, an ostensibly capitalistic system with stringent rules that are not stringently enforced (Beard, 2007, p.74). I was a summer analyst at [Quator capital] last year where I prepared books of accounts, analyzed clients presentations and built financial models for leveraged buyouts and credit reviews. I participated in deal calls as a team member in Financial Institutions Group and gained an understanding of how the needs of a client are best met on time. Presently as the organizing secretary of Brighton College Student Association, I oversee financial transactions for over 100 student organizations and a $600,000 budget, challenges which draw on my attention to details and ability to keep manifold priorities in balance (Teed & Bhattacharya, 2002, p.128). I am enticed by the practice of your firm of bringing together a hierarchy of assorted team members with diverse opportunities that bring in a distinction through creativity in solving problems that emerge in daily operations in the firm, a chance that embraces my best capability in critical thinking (Beard, 2007, p.79). Your investment firm is committed to service projects like mentoring at-risk learners and food serving in the local shelters, an advance that is appealing to me to be given my volunteer experience with our local Big Sisters program. The market global position and the client-centered philosophy of the firm combined with the opportunity to contribute to the community make your firm a thrilling place to build my career (Thorpe & Dulgarian, 2008, p.74). This opportunity will enable me to gain experience in professional industry while undertaking my undergraduate degree as it will grant me with both a competitive edge in the marketplace as well as an opportunity to exper ience the

ECONOMIC ADVISEMENT PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ECONOMIC ADVISEMENT - Research Paper Example The unemployment rate reported from 1948 until 2013, on an average was 5.81 percent. The highest unemployment rate recorded in USA was in November of 1982 which was 10.83 percent and the lowest was recorded in May of 1953, which was 2.50 percent. In united state, the unemployment rate measures the people who are unemployed, from the labor force. (trading economics, 2013) The interest rate in USA is reported by the Federal Reserve. The interest rate last recorded in USA was 0.25 percent. From 1917 until 2013 the average interest rate was 6.81 percent. The highest interest rate recorded was in March 1980, which was 20 percent, while the lowest interest rate was 0.25 in December 2008. In the United States, the interest rate is decided by the combined decision of the Federal Reserve (board) and the federal open market committee (FOMC). The decision is made by the board on the basis of the recommendations, given by one or more regional Federal Reserve Bank. (united state interest rate, 2013) According to a report by the commerce department, there was an increase of 2.6 percent in the consumer income, in USA. The report says that the salaries and wages of the American labors have been increasingly growing since December 2004. Due the increase in the income, there is an increase in the consumer spending as well. The rise in the consumer income rate was due to improve in the wages and the salaries of the American employees. The bonuses and the compensation were given by many companies to their employees, before in the raise in taxes. The consumption rate of the consumer was raised up to 2.2 percent, which was more than the estimated rate. The increase in the per person income rate is more than the estimated, this shows that the American economy have improved more than the expectation. There is an increase in the payroll tax from February, which has decreased the

Rhetorical strategies Essay Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical strategies Essay Essay All can relate to that one special time of the year, Christmas, when whole families unite and spend hours endlessly sharing stories, making memories, and of course, opening presents! What happens though, when all of the sentimental value of Christmas is replaced solely with physical value, the gifts? What would Christmas be like then? Richard Rodriguez takes the readers through one of his annual Christmases and brings to light, through his thoughts, the disconnect that exists between himself, his siblings, and his parents. Rodriguez’ chronological presentation of events with flashbacks, short, abrupt syntax, light-hearted attention to detail and concerned tone contribute to suggest his worried attitude toward his family. Rodriguez builds a sense of the lacking sentimentality through the syntax, using short, abrupt sentences to show how the family’s Christmas is just another thing done every year and not a special time. These short, abrupt sentences are down to the basics. There is no â€Å"fluff† just like there is no sentiment in Christmas. This style of syntax mirrors the sentimentality of the family. It is nothing but another stop. â€Å"The room grows uncomfortably warm. The talk grows listless.† The family has finished the business of opening gifts and they are ready to move on to their next event. Rodriguez adds little detail at first to create a lighthearted mood associated with the positive parts of Christmas. â€Å"So you’ll have to buy me soft food and put a blue wig on my head.† Later in the prose, Rodriguez’ selection of detail is used to show the physical items that have taken over in place of sentimental things. â€Å"a shiny mink jacket,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦where expensive foreign cars idle sharply.† Details like these are used throughout the second half of the passage to add to the loss of sentimentality within the family. Rodriguez uses dialogue throughout the passage to add effects and to help  the reader to understand what the author is experiencing. Rodriguez uses interesting punctuation, parenthesis, to represent his personal thoughts as well as background conversation, where he uses both parenthesis and quotations. â€Å"(â€Å"we have to get up early tomorrow†),† â€Å"(sad that we are all going home?).† Rodriguez’ personal thoughts are crucial in helping the reader understand the narrative. Rodriguez’ use of short, abrupt syntax, specific use of details, and interesting punctuation in the dialogue makes the narrative of his annual family Christmas become much deeper with an underlying worrisome, concerned tone and an emphasis of the loss of sentimentality of not only family Christmas but of family as a whole.

The Human Resource Management Of Toyota

The Human Resource Management Of Toyota The Toyota culture has developed since the companys beginning and is the core competency of the corporation. The Toyota is first and leading about culture, the manner people behave and think is deeply entrenched in the company beliefs and its principles. At the core it is regarding respect for individuals and incessant improvement (Liker, 2004). Human resources management in Toyota is an organizational function that personnel and operates a unit. These workforce deals with problems related to individuals within the organization. They make programs to select the best, develop and retain talent and set up a system for employee benefits, payroll administration and daily operation. For manufacturing companies due to the comparatively complex organizations and the processes connecting to levels of employees, this HR department can play a more interactive part in hiring the correct talent, taking care about the workplace needs, hearing the voice of employees, promoting teamwork and mediating conflicts that would maximize efficiency, productivity and competitiveness. Toyota mission is to make sure to get the most utilization out of all of people whether it is team associate on the floor. Everybody is the customer and company is trying to attain a successful business, which entails everybody functioning at the maximum level Strategically, there is a very reflective difference in Human Resource at Toyota contrast to traditional companies but possibly not in the way they might think. Toyotas strategic view is that lean management needs more extremely developed individuals and deeper belief than in a mass manufacturing system. People turn out to be the most critical part of the system and their readiness to recognize and solve issues is what drives continuous improvement. As such, Human Resource is arguably the most significant function in the enterprise. The accounting roles of Human Resource are moderately trivial at Toyota contrasted to roles in developing individuals and creating a fair atmosphere based on shared trust. The human resource department at Toyota plays a very diverse role than that of dealing out with people as a stream of assets. Strategically, the Toyota views the team associates are developed as the main competitive competency of the corporation (Liker and Meier, 2007). And developing outstanding people is the most significant work of the company, the organization emotional with that responsibility had improved is exceptional. One merely has to seem at the people who pass through HR as managers to become aware of something is different at Toyota. Organization directors, vice presidents of manufacturing, and a number of the leading experts on the Toyota production scheme have spent time operational in HR. Since HR has a key position in developing people who effort in operations so HR managers have to be experts on operations. As lean management is a technique for eliminating waste and the object of a great deal of waste elimination is labour cost, one might think the main reason of lean methods is head-count decrease. Toyota has an extremely different sight. People who are healthy trained in problem solving will primary contain the difficulty to get production organization and then take the time to recognize the root reason of the difficulty and develop and implement contradict measures. The insinuation of the attitude of management is quite deep. 1. There have to be a standard, so team members can be familiar with deviations as issues. 2. Team members must be healthy trained to understand the principles. 3. Team members cannot terror that exposing a difficulty will get them in problem. 4. Team members have to be trained in difficulty-solving methods. 5. Team members have to be motivated to help the corporation achieve its goals. Attribute of fetching a strategic associate with the business is representative support for organizational/commerce strategies through alignment with persons strategies. Such position puts HR in an improved position to deliver worth, which thereby demonstrates dependability. HR has turn out to be successful by ensuring that good policies and procedures exist and by managers/ HODs on what they can and cannot perform. HR participates in the business meetings and relationships of the business since HR understands the business and positions exist inside the business. Corporation strives and promises to provide a career development trail and utilize the skills of the resources, and this assure of the business is merely fulfilled by HR since they evaluate the performance and take proper decision so that preeminent suits the business and the resource. The standard for Human Resource is to support the companys principles and to partner with developed in order to arrive at the business strategic goals. The reality of the conditions was that none of these two was being achieved. There was much information from the corporation indicators to substantiate this, including data as of the hotline-call scheme, a regular opinion review, and team associate meetings. With this gap recognized, it was time to get to effort on problem solving. Regularly at Toyota, problems recognized are solved by reaching a cross- functional team together and letting them to employ the problem-solving procedure and empowering them to create the decisions necessary to get care of the issues. * Improved joint effort within HR and with manufacturing. * Development of personage skills in HR. * Integration of HR values into each section. * Greater elasticity in the workers. * Improved communication and entrance to HR for team members. * List all current member roles. * Identify the main roles of HR and then support the organization accordingly. * Operate within budget constraints. Approach of Toyota is much more holistic and broad. It starts with an attitude that the power of the company is based on kaizen and admiration for people. Dimension of success is multidimensional and reflects the achievement of the venture, not particular projects. The leadership hierarchy is not there to delegate development to black- belt specialists but rather best at every level play an important position in daily improvement and develop team members. Toyota is conjured of people and people are greatly capricious from person to person and still the same individual over time. Toyota sets an example of a learning organization that is real and successful. It is successful for the possessor of the company and for the team members. It begins with the assumption that individuals are the most imperative resource and require be developing, nurturing and challenging. Human resource management is the most visible and significant functions in the corporation because humans are barely the competitive resource that cannot be imitation Human Resource changes Key external factors are pouring radical changes to the organizations shape and work the Strategic circumstance for organization people currently and in the imminent years. The factors are for illustration, technological evolution, social and economical changes, operational environment, etc. To remain competitive, organizations regularly find it essential to commence major changes that have an effect on their processes and people. 1. Strategic Partners * Act as an essential part of the commerce team. *Connect the business team in methodical organizational audits resultant in clear priorities. * Give HR resources to the trade. * Possess clear understanding of current business circumstances (internal and outside 2. Administrative Experts * Develop and manage rule, plans, and policies for efficiently managing human capital. * Act as consultants in fields of know-how, supporting additional HR professionals and additional HR clients. * Take blame for continuous development in programs and operations 3. Employee Champions * Speak for employee wants and management anxiety about employee relations. * Know the employees and foresee their concerns and issues. * Be approachable by employees. * Be professional in assisting employees. * Provide employees with the resources they need for meeting company objectives. 4. Change Agents * Influence and impel organizational change strategies in sustain of business objectives. * Manage the process to make sure successful change management. * Incessantly take the organizations pulse concerning both internal and external affairs. * Remain up to date about implements and practices of change in order to successfully and efficiently run change and react to the organizations needs. Team performed the HR roles of both employee and strategic partners. The task of the teams included: * Development: on job development, section-specific training, coaching, process improvement, section business and strategic planning. * Employee Relations employee advocate, peer reviews, concern resolutions, safety and health. * HR Systems rewarded promotions up to assistant manager, training for salaried members, salaried relations. HR and manufacturing now effort on the annual business tactics together, resulting in improved collaboration and addition of the two departments, while at the similar time preventing a number of the team member concerns as of coming up like they used to. In other words, if considering manufacturing and HR are two silos and Toyota divide HR into small teams to work with management, it will assist the collaboration of each although make it harder to make sure fairness and constancy across all of the departments. For this motive, the team suggested that there still be an essential HR administration group that would be dividing into specific functions consecutively to address the problem that were pointed. The group consisted of the subsequent functions: *  Personnel   Comp/benefits, payroll, transfer system, staffing and recruiting *  Health and Safety   Medical leave of absence, early symptom investigation support, Disabilities Act, data reporting, health evaluation, workers comp, family and medical leave. *  Employee Relations   Communications, Policy development and training, recognition. *  Training   Team leader training, Promotion process, problem solving training, quality encircle, plant-wide training. This central group now had the aptitude to focus on planning and policy setting and turn out to be the experts of their own areas. Increasingly, change management is seen as a permanent function to improve competence and keep organization flexible to the competitive market. Organization strategically employs change to improve organizational efficiency. But bringing about endearing change in todays competitive surroundings requires thoughtful planning, effectual communication and employee acceptance. The team spent numerous months getting contribution from the patrons and benchmarking, and then analysis. They looked at the present structure of the HR and found that the biggest difficulty with the existing layout was that HR was figuratively apart from the manufacturing part and also not doing a fine job in partnering with them or being accessible to the team associate and edifice the relationship of trust. As the function with key responsibility for human capital management that has involved from the commencement when main organizational change inventiveness is being developed. The impact of organizational changes on employee approach cannot be overstated. Many people are uncomfortable with change, and are filled with hesitation and apprehension over job security and the future, conditions that can threaten the accomplishment of change initiatives. Human resources departments can lead the way in change management because of their training in communications, performance appraisal, improvement planning, safety and organizational systems. When these skills are optimized, any work setting can go from confrontation to resplendence because of the inclusive nature of changes. Aspects of SHRM (Performance Management System) It is an easy fact of life. The majority humans will lend an ear to praise. No matter who is the being in question, he or she will be able to spare a number of times for compliments, even downright flattery. In conditions of performance management, admire can be an extremely influential tool to motivate the employees and enhance productivity. Up till now it should be realized that delivering meaningful admire is not as easy as it sounds. Certainly, there are ways to go concerning it that are stronger than others. In adding, the timing and optimized constructiveness of admire are very significant points of finesse which is supposed to be hammered down before a manager goes into the field (David, 2002). An effectual supervisor will not consider acknowledging star workers, and letting them to acquaint with just how much they appreciate the stellar performance delivered. A supervisors work is complex, and in the middle of numerous projects it might be easy to allow an employees exceptional performance expedition by unnoticed. This, though, is a dangerous error. It is absolutely vital that supervisors acknowledge workers when they succeed; stipulation a performance management plan is to have any effect on a business since an employee is forging in front in his or her field does not signify that a manager should just pile more effort on the already loaded shoulders (Ummit, 1997). But admire should be administered cleverly, if it is to come crossways right. All too frequently employers are seen amateurish their displays of support by not associating the exact accomplishments with the reasons for the admiration when administering a praise. Most importantly, though, the praise is supposed to be sincere. A supervisor is supposed to never praise an underperforming employee just to jumpstart results. This will ultimately go wrong on the management by point a lower standard of performance and a tapering degree of credibility in universal (James, 1996). The management of praise should be attuned based on the place of the employee or workers in question. Persons at the entry level, for instance, will advance more fast when praise is given rather liberally. Here we observe the notion of estimate. For those start a new job, respect and admire can be given even stipulation the employee doesnt hit the spot perfectly on aspire. At this phase, nurturing the employee is more important than considering results achieved with deafening accuracy. The bar is raised, though, when admire is administered to employees with more experience and superiority. There, encouraging imprecise performance when exactitude is within reach can cause irreversible slippage in conditions of the in general professionalism of the workplace. It be supposed to be remembered, however, that when and knowledgeable employee encounters a new put of everyday jobs, he or she should be praised at the admission level, once more, in order to construct up the skills essential for success in the novel area of work (Fred, 2006). The contented of praise that is positive should be cautiously developed. In arrange to demonstrate the authenticity of the praise known; a supervisor should connect the employee on a decision-making as fit as an interpersonal level. By starting out with an account of how the corporation assistance from the employees performance, the supervisor be supposed to then segue into how the celebrity performance complete him or her feel. After allowing some time for reflection, the worker should drive home how significant the employees performance is to the association (John, 1996). Performance management is a total process which throws glow on the overall association performance to the departments and at the employees level. It too tends to focus on the process to give a goods or services in the association. Scholars have proposed the move of Performance Management from association structure to the employees for achieving improved performance. Others have distinct the multi dimensional organization arrangement in order to performance management to describe the linkage among employees performance management systems to attain its strategic objectives (Micheal, 2000). Workers Performance Management system is a complete procedure, which is based on the workers performance and the accomplishment of managerial objectives at all levels. The essential philosophy at the back the performance management system is to developing the alignment among the managerial objectives, with the employees skills and capabilities, furthermore it emphasize on the growth and improvement of the in general system. People more often than not misperceive the performance management to the performance appraisal; in real performance appraisal is judging the history performance as performance management system is an ongoing procedure to measuring the completion of objectives (Mark, 1995)). Performance appraisal as contrasted to the performance management in which the center is made on the contrast between the performance standards life form made by the association and the actual performance of the employees as no one in fact compares the performance against the managerial objectives. Performance management is the real subject while we effort in the organization for excellence control, in excellence based organization the objective of the performance is complete on the achievement or completion of the goals quite than established principles (Paul, 1999). Researchers have been made in the performance appraisal although unfortunately it did not provide any satisfactory consequences as researchers tends to explain the performance appraisal as it did not effort for the employees as healthy as on for the association except developing the displeasure or expiation. It was finished two of his researches that 90% of the workers found the performance appraisal as an unproductive. The reasons he deduced as of his research are similar to the Managers avoid giving truthful critiques because they dont desire any conflict. Often times managers fear the appraisal process as a great deal as employees do, so they put off and dont prepare adequately. Workers can be demoralized by ratings and statistics as of the research supposed that 80% of people observe themselves in the top 25% of all performers. So 55% will be actually demoralized by honest feedback concerning where they place (Tony, 2000). Performance appraisal is not responsibility something extra for the association and the organization awarded workers based on the appraisal not capable to get the required consequence. Reward does not alter the performance of persons who work exclusively for prize. Better remuneration system can by no means be a good option for the association for achieving its objectives. On the oppose part it can de-inspire the employees due to uneven distribution of plunder on the basis of performance appraisal. On the entire consequences of performance appraisal might lead to the refuse of overall performance of the association. On the other surface, Performance management of the workers is the system which allow the organizations to attain their goals by utilizing the fully skill level of their workers. It begins when a worker joins the organization and trimmings when he leaves your association (Louse, 2002). Performance management and receiving the required behaviour is single of the centre issues which most of the association fails to analyze in arrange to achieve the necessary goals. Organization behaviour be supposed to be developed among the individual in such a method which is performance leaning and behaviour should be examine and then modified to develop the required performance (Simmen, 1996). The achievement of the system is connected with employees expectations stipulation the employees expectations complete with the appraisal system, after that there exists positive relationship and vice versa. The additional thing which must be reserved in mind while rising the goals that it be supposed to be in accordance with the workers and organization capability. Person should be answerable in promoting of a performance management system which in fact promotes the quality culture (John, 1996). The essential purpose of performance management system is to creating the position in between the association objectives and its associate systems to achieve the association objectives, Carter. In modern association there should be a fair performance management system to attain the organization objectives. By strategically by the performance management system organizations can develop its performance principles, can develop the procedures and then reports the judgment for further development and in this an incessant process keep running. In TQM system Performance management system play a significant role for developing as healthy as measuring and achieving the objectives. The approaches similar to balance score certificate, metrics, and indexes are supposed to be match with the system in the quality procedure to the organizations (David, 2002). Stable performance management system plan was taken by scholars to attain the organizations vision deliberately. Balance score focusing on the four business prospective i.e. financial, client satisfaction, business procedure and the organization knowledge and innovative culture. A recent survey indicated that the companies use a standard of 13 management gear at the corporate level. These tools are prospect to help measure or check the performance of an association, and within this the most well-liked performance related instrument was the fair Scorecard. In the nonattendance of a basic strategic background, managers found it firm to agree on an suitable set of measures of managerial performance. Balance scorecard is the stage for measuring the association performance having coordinating with financial and non economic feature of business (Louse, 2002). Deliberately goal setting, rising performance management system, person accountability, rewards and credit are some of the input elements for a excellence performance management system. Next to this, total quality process too focuses of the contribution of all the stake holders of the organization counting the Management, workers, suppliers and clientele. Employees performance depends on the effectual performance management system. Worker must have knowledge concerning their job what they have to have to perform in arrange to fulfil its job aim. In organization the developed performance elements tell the employees actually have to perform and the performance principles tells the workers that how effectively they have to have to perform (Ummit, 1997). The performance rudiments are the indicators which can differ from the organization to association it can be output, effectiveness, and impartiality. While the standards comprise certain objectives for which to employees have to have to achieve. Performance principles and elements be supposed to be such that which have to be calculated, attainable, pale and challenging. Federal system describes the basic three dissimilar types of elements which can be used for the effectual performance management system that are dangerous elements, non critical rudiments and performance elements. Treacherous elements or activities are persons for which an person is assigned for, non risky are those which have no direct effect on the employees performance dimension but it pay an significant role as performers perform in some collection or team activity. Extra performance measurement can be based only on the collection performance rather than the person accountability (Louise, 2002). Critical and non critical rudiments are both interdependent, dangerous elements are believed to be the basic purpose of an individual while non critical and added performance elements are the behind units for receiving the outcomes. Goals can only be achieved stipulation both critical and non dangerous elements are being correctly communicated. At all the levels of the association, there have to be a system of dimension for measuring all the dangerous activities. Performance management is a continuous procedure in which the go after up is being given after every activity is to perform and gauge, (David, 2002). Rising and managing a performance management system is not a simple task. There should be consensus among workers when goals are developed and goals are such that which must be easily sub divided into dissimilar organization level. By the balance card developed by all the four potential (Financial, Process, customers, and Organization culture) must be reserved in mind. Management must be dedicated to develop the structure and proper message with the employees should be made. Clear Measures have to be adopted and employees at all level have to be aware with the adopted procedures. Performance management is a continuous procedure; follow up be supposed to be given to the workers so that employees can approach to know regarding their performance in the association (Louise, 2002). As the performance management is an expensive process and a group of time and money concerned in it so great mind should be taken; merely critical activities should gauge which are necessary for achieving the managerial goals. Though this does not mean that completely lack of knowledge of non critical and added performance elements. These are the supporting rudiments which provide the strategic and act as a means for achieving organization objectives (Mark A and Huselid, 1997). The Performance Management procedure begins and trimmings in the same series of events which are as follows: Personal goal setting Performance study Midyear performance analysis Annual performance appraisal Under individual goal location, the supervisor and the employee will be seated together to set yearly goals at the year finish; the goals are to be attained by the employee at elected accommodation of the subsequent year. Under performance preparation, the manager and the employee, throughout the same goal setting sitting, will arrangement on how to perform in arrange to achieve the goals mainly effectively. In the following year, the supervisor will analysis the employees development and achievements, counsel and coach for better performance, give credit and appreciate for achievements so distant and make changes in the performance diagram, if necessary; the progress of worker shall tell the manager whether or not the all set goals can be achieved in the known year (Paul, 1999) At the year finish, the manager and the employee will be seated together to appraise the employees performance in the known year and the feedbacks will all be fed into location new goals and action tactics for the next year. You may discover the performance management process attractive easy, however, implementing each stage of it requires an sympathetic of how person performance of all employees can translate into total managerial performance. As look upon to this, managers require asking themselves the next questions: WHAT TO ASK WHAT TO DO What does the company desire to achieve in the extended run? Gain imminent into the corporate vision What business does the company has to be in to attain its vision? increase insight into the corporate assignment What will be the strategy to maintain in that business? Formulate business strategy What are the functional objectives behind the strategy? Place functional objectives Process of the Performance Management system: Individual Goal Setting Performance Planning host a performance appraisal sitting between the manager and the employee assess performance as against predetermined goals measure competencies as adjacent to required competencies set for existing role measure potentials as against necessary competencies set for prospect role chalk out person Development Plan delineation to fill skill gap, motivation ambition gap and cooperation gap chalk out strengthening plan to reward/recognize for achievement and punish for deliberate failure Year Performance Review Performance review session among the supervisor and the employee discuss on performance development status and seek answerability for missing deadlines on goals revise performance plan with new deadlines for goals Performance Appraisal Host a performance appraisal session among the supervisor and the worker measure performance as preset goals gauge competencies as against necessary competencies set for current position measure potentials as required competencies set for future position chalk out Individual growth Plan outlining to fill ability gap, motivation ambition gap and communication collaboration gap chalk out strengthening plan to reward for success and punish for on purpose failure The beauty of this Performance Management process is that it has three dimensions only, which give three major outputs that can be fed into other four dimensions of HRM and not to mention Performance Management also. The beauty is illustrated as follows Performance appraisal Performance Measures Score Scale Outputs Performance assessment Set Goals 5-points New goal setting Competency assessment Required competencies of present role 5-points growth Plan Potential assessment Required competencies of prospect role 5-points Vocation Development plan Those are the underlying principles that can be used by managers to develop/modify existing Performance Management mechanism and put them in perform in the company for the betterment