Leadership †Does Gender Matter Essay

Does gender affect the ability of an individual to become an effective leader? Some researchers believe that effective leaders are just born while others believe that effective leadership can be learned. But few of these researchers discuss the difference that gender may make in becoming good leaders. When we take a look back through history, we can see that the evaluation of women leaders was slow. Today, only 2. 4 percent (Gettings, Johnson, Brunner, & Frantz, 2009) of the Fortune 500 Company’s are lead by women which is an increase from the 1. percent (www. money. cnn. com) of female Chief Executive Officers in 2002. The gender differences in the corporate world posses several issues for the Human Resource Managers such as management style differences, pay equity, promotion fairness, and work-life balance. Women began entering the workforce in the late 1800s. During that time, women were employed in what society considered female specific careers such as teachers, nurses, and seamstresses and women made up a very small portion of the workforce. This all changed with the on-set of World War II. While the men left to fulfill their military obligations, women stepped up to the plate and filled positions in industrial factories across the nation doing jobs typically performed by men. Following World War II, many females continued to work and over the decades have set career aspirations which have led them to the top. As time went on, it became obvious that the gender differences in the work place required Human Resource Management intervention. Historically, the workplace was predominantly masculine when it came to organizational theory. Organizations were structured on centralized authority, specialization and expertise, and division of labor. Aggressive and dominating leadership styles became less popular among organizations. The era of masculine leadership styles then gave way to the newly desired â€Å"feminine way† (Lowen, 2007) of leading. In the late 1900s, organizations became more feminine in nature utilizing concepts such as delegation of authority, collaboration, and empowerment. In addition, interpersonal relations became a focus for organizations and such things as trust, openness and concern for the whole person kicked off the â€Å"feminization of leadership† (Frankel, 2007) and in 1963 the Equal Pay Act was created which mandated equal pay, regardless of gender, for workers performing the same job. This became extremely important as women began to hold top level positions within organizations. Women possess many gender specific qualities and characteristics which enhance their leader effectiveness in today’s â€Å"feminized leadership. According to a study conducted by Caliper, a Princeton based management consulting group, women leaders are more empathic, flexible and possess stronger interpersonal skills. The strong interpersonal skills of women enable them to be objective in taking in information from all sides and then take this information and weighing the concerns and objectives of their people. Empathy and genuine concern make subor dinates feel valued, supported, and understood. In addition, this same study noted that women were able to be more persuasive and assertive in taking risks as compared to their male counter parts. This often leads to women coming up with more innovative solutions to problems, and ultimately, getting things accomplished. Many studies conducted across the country within various businesses have concluded that women executives are rated higher than men in the areas of producing high quality work, setting and achieving goals, and mentoring subordinates (Sharpe, 2000). These studies also found that women were not as concerned with self-interest as men and did not accomplish tasks or achieve goals based on what was in it for them, but instead for the mere enjoyment of their success. It is this type of attitude which inspires companies to employee women in their executive positions. In addition, one of the areas in these studies showed that women excelled at teamwork and motivating teams in getting results. But these studies also included areas where men were stronger such as strategic and technical ability. Men also seemed to be better at giving punishment and were found to issue double the amount of punishments as compared to women. With so many differences in management styles between men and women, it was necessary for Human Resource Managers to design diversity programs which included education on gender differences, as well as, racism, discrimination, etc. Women are slowly making their way into the corporate ranks of Fortune 500 Companies. According to CNN Money, there are currently 13 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 500 and 26 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 1,000. Believe it or not, the number of female Chief Executive Officers has doubled compared to 5 years ago when there were only 6 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 500. But, if women make equally effective leaders as compared to men, then why are there so few employed in top management positions? In Tischler’s article â€Å"Where are the Women? ,† she talks about how women â€Å"scale† back their work in exchange for a balanced personal life (Tischler, 2007). She also discusses the competiveness of men compared to women and how that might contribute to the larger number of men holding top executive level positions. Most often, women simply don’t want to deal with the work-life balance. Top executives put in grueling long days and their lives are controlled by the company’s success or failure. Women have a natural instinct to nurture and often put their family life before their career. When I read Morris’ article, â€Å"Trophy Husbands,† it made me stop and think how husbands could assist in helping their spouse to balance the work-life balance. In Morris’ article, she discusses how husbands have given up their careers to assist their female spouses in reaching the top (Morris, 2002). I think that this is a huge step in elevating women to the top ranks of the corporate world. These husbands stepped down for many reasons, but some stepped down because they knew their wives had the potential and determination to fill these top positions. They were supportive and wanted to assist by elevating any family related stress by ensuring that things on the home front were taken care of. In fact, although the number of female Chief Executive Officers appears to be low, the truth is women are successful leaders. There are over 9 million women-owned businesses in the United States and women hold over 45 percent of the managerial positions within large corporations. Indeed, women can and are successful at leading. Yet there is still a large difference in the pay scale of female and male executives. Is it simply a blatant decisions that these companies make, or is it a simply mistake because these organizations do not have an established pay scale system? Human Resource Managers need to be cognizant of pay differences and promotion bias. According to Stites article, one way to avoid this dilemma is to establish systematic pay systems, ensure equal access to promotions, and document discrepancies with legitimate business reasons (Stites, May 2005). So, does gender matter when considering leadership effectiveness? According to the text, men and women are equally effective at leading, but each gender utilizes different styles in their leadership abilities (Northouse, 2007). It is my position that gender is neutral. Males and females can both possess the skills necessary to be effective leaders and I believe that women can lead companies to success just as well as men. To be an effective leader, one must know how and when to apply the many different styles and characteristics to each unique situation. Both men and women have unique qualities about them, but the ability to learn from the opposite gender will enhance ones leadership abilities. I believe that men and women can combine and adapt their unique styles of leadership to maximize their strengths and minimize their weaknesses within the workplace. Regardless of gender, developing a leadership style is a difficult and challenging feat for all managers. In researching the many definitions of leadership, I have determined that leaders are defined as those who inspire workers and develop their skills and creativity to achieve goals. Of the many definitions I read, not one referred to male or female gender when defining a leader. Male or female gender shouldn’t matter when it comes to determining an individual’s ability to lead. The Human Resource Manager must ensure that they are concerned and aware of the gender differences and difficulties which must be dealt with in the business world. Indeed, gender does matter, especially since women have become a large percentage of the work force and are now moving up the corporate ladder into top level positions. Gender differences create many issues that Human Resource Managers must be able to prevent, mitigate, and/or resolve. Today’s Human Resource Management education programs have increased the ability of individuals to fill these vital management positions. In order for Human Resource Managers to accomplish this task, they must be aware of gender specific management styles, pay equity, promotion fairness, and work-life balance.

How Antagonists Effect a Story Essay

In the movie Dark Knight Rises, the antagonist was Bane. Bane’s motives were to wreck and destroy the plans of the protagonist, Batman. Likewise, the antagonist in the book To Kill a Mockingbird, Bob Ewell displayed similar characteristics that were against the protagonist, Scout Finch. In the case of the Shakespearean play Midsummer Night’s Dream, the antagonist is not clear since the play is fully based on confusion and accidents. However, the closest thing being the antagonist is love since it causes the characters in the play to act erratic, foolish and fickle. All the antagonists strived for one similar goal; to ruin the plans of the protagonists. In Dark Knight Rises, Bane displayed his antagonistic character by wreaking havoc in the city of Gotham which is contrary to what Batman would do. â€Å"When Gotham is ashes, then you have my permission to die. â€Å"- Bane to batman after initially defeating him explaining why he does not kill him. This line states Bane’s plan for Gotham and Batman. It also proves that Bane is the antagonist. This also display’s Bane’s yearning for power. By defeating Batman, he expects to establish his rule over Gotham. â€Å"Oh, you think the darkness is your ally. But you merely adopted the dark; I was born in it, moulded by it, I didn’t see the light until I was already a man, by then it was nothing to me but BLINDING! â€Å"- Bane to Batman during their first bout. This quote explains how Bane thinks he can defeat batman and prevail. It also displays a key quality of an antagonist which is confidence. Bane’s behavior and actions in the movie affects the plot in a huge way. It calls upon Gotham’s fate into question whether if Gotham city will survive or not. Therefore, this adds a dramatic suspense to the plot and raises its climax. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Bob Ewell displayed his antagonistic character by going against the verdict at Tom Robinson’s trial, someone who he claims, raped his daughter, Mayella Ewell. After Bob lost the case after being confronted by Atticus of clear evidence that he was lying, he attacked Atticus’ children Scout and Jem. This show’s Bob’s need for revenge and his hatred towards Atticus. He also treats mostly all the characters in the book in an offensive manner and he is hated by everyone. â€Å"I seen that black nigger yonder ruttin’ on my Mayella! † (17. 84). This quote proves his persistence in proving the point that Tom Robinson (whom he refers to as ‘nigger’) raped Mayella. Persistence is also a preserved quality in an antagonist. â€Å"You don’t have to touch her, all you have to do is make her afraid, an’ if assault ain’t enough to keep you locked up awhile, I’ll get you in on the Ladies’ Law, so get outa my sight! If you don’t think I mean it, just bother that girl again! † (27. 8, 12). This quote which was pointed against Helen Robinson, shows that Bob Ewell is a power seeking person. By scaring Helen, he is declaring his power over her. Bob has a major effect on the plot of this story, not only he is raising suspense, but he is also the leading cause for hatred in the story. Had not Bob befit this role in the plot, the story would have not reached its climax. In the Shakespearean play Midsummer Night’s Dream, the antagonist is not clearly depicted since it is a comedy. However, there seems to be a great deal of actions of foolishness and fickleness among the characters. This is caused by love. When Hermia fell in love with Lysander, Demetrius who was betrothed to marry Hermia, objected to their love. However, another maiden named Helena was in love with Demetrius. This displays a trail which love creates. In other words, a confusion on who loves who. To further eradicate this confusion, the flower’s juice which was placed on Lysander and Demetrius turned the situation around. The lovers switched their hearts to Helena. Therefore causing a huge mishap. Love has a huge effect on the plot. It caused hatred and violence therefore adding to the suspense and the climax. It was also persistent which resulted in the characters’ firm actions. In Conclusion, the antagonists in all three pieces had the following similar characteristics: Persistence, Power hunger and hatred. However, all the antagonists strived towards one specific goal that is to eliminate the protagonist. All three antagonists had similar effects towards the plot and therefore raising the climax.

Article 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 - Article Example Customers of the counterfeits often use them as trial versions of the real brands and nearly half of them actually endorse the real brand after the trial version is successful. Meanwhile, people wearing the product of the counterfeits ignite a spark in the public to endorse the real brand, which makes it free advertising for the real brand. Numerous studies to date have found positive effects of copying on the real brands. Most studies have found the advertising effect stronger than the substitution effect irrespective of whether it is a formal brand or an individual creator benefiting from the counterfeit. The rule applies in all industries ranging from garments to the hotel and hospitality industry. Paradoxically, a copy is a more sincere advertisement of the real brand as compared to the conventional advertisement because conventional ads derive their appeal to the audiences from the charisma and halo effect of the celebrity in the ad whereas a copy focuses only the

Efficient market hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Efficient market hypothesis - Essay Example For the case of semi-strong form, the prices of securities depend on the present and past information and not on the future expected information. Finally, the strong form contend that the prices of securities in the market reflect all the information i.e. past, present and future and that this information is in the domain of all the investors (Schwert 21). There is no opportunity to make abnormal returns in a strong market. The strong market supports the efficient market hypothesis, as it is this form where investors are never in a position to make abnormal profits without incurring higher risk. The other two forms: weak and semi-strong form fails to support the EMH because not all investors are privy to all the information about the market and therefore some investors are in a position to make above average rate of return without taking above average risks (Schwert 23). I however believe that there is no efficient market. This is because the assumption in which the EMH is hinged are ideal i.e. that there are no transaction costs, that all investors have all past, present and future information and that the stock markets are efficient. These assumptions are idyllic and unattainable. Markets can therefore be in either the weak or semi- strong form in which case some investors have more information than others can. This can be shown from the many cases in which those in management positions have used ins ider information. Economists and psychologists in the behavioral finance sector however argue that in the short run, efficient markets are unattainable. This is because the prices of securities are influenced by other psychological factors like those that the expectation in future prices. They further assert that security prices cannot be disseminated equally because of the bandwagon effect. Investors will therefore consider other factors in the

PAPER ON WORLD WAR I Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PAPER ON WORLD WAR I - Assignment Example The second one is The Treaty of Versailles and the third one is The Balfour Declaration 1917. There is no other war that has brought about changes in the map of Europe in such a dramatic way like the First World War. The war caused the disappearance of four powerful empires. One is the German empire. The second is the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The third is the Ottoman Empire and fourthly, many nations did gain their independence from Russia. Four dynasties as well as their ancillary aristocracies all fell after the war. Serbia and Belgium were damaged and France was not left out either. The war continued for some seven more months until treaties were signed to end the war formally. Germany had agreed to sign the treaty of Versailles on June 28 1919 (Grayzel, 2013, p. 137). The United States failed to formally end its involvement in the war until the Knox-porter resolution that was signed in July 1921. The resolution was signed by President Warren G Harding representing the British Empire thus ceasing the state of war. After the treaty of Versailles, the treaties with Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire were signed. However, there was much strife following the negotiation of the latter treaty with the Ottoman Empire. The strife entailed the Turkish War of independence. The final peace treaty was between the allied powers and the republic of turkey. After the war, a series of treaties were imposed by the Paris Peace Conference on the central powers to end the war officially. The treaties brought the League of Nations to life in 1919. The treaty state d that the central powers were responsible for the loss and damage brought about to the allied forces. Austria Hungary was partitioned in to several states. The states included Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. The Russian Empire had already withdrawn from the war in 1917 lost part of its western frontier since nations such as

Business Overview of Amway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Overview of Amway - Essay Example This has been a prudent approach in business as it has enhanced its performance all over the world (Jones 23). Apparently, the company has been recording a positive growth over the last seven years. In the recent reported sales, it was declared that the company made sales amounting to over 11 billion USD. This shows that it is a company that is on the helm of attaining greater performance. According to Forbes, the company was ranked as one of the largest private companies in the United States clinching number 25 in 2012. Similarly, Deloitte ranked it number 114 among the largest global retailers in the year 2006. Market Advantages. Amway is a company that has been appreciating a larger market share with each passing year. This poses an advantage to the company as it accrues greater sales. This is a market advantage for the company as it increases its sales (Deangelo 12). Due to globalization, the company has spread its company affiliations in many other countries. This is an added ad vantage as it gets greater demand for its products. For instance, the company has spread its market share in over 100 countries and territories in the world. This creates a substantial demand for its products since there are many people that will create a demand for the products in all these countries. Similarly, the approach of using other companies to sell its products has been to the advantage, since it has many retailers and outlets (LLC Books 13). This creates a large supply chain of the products all over the market. As such, the company continues to make greater sales, which is an advantage over other retailers in the market. Amway is a company that has substantial amounts of capital for investments, mergers and takeovers. As such, it has the resources that are needed to extend its market share. This has made it possible for the company to make international expansion. This poses an advantage to the company as it increases the demand market for its products. When there is suff icient capital, the business makes initiatives of investing in providing other products that enhance its performance. Similarly, the company has a vital resource which is labor (Jones 32). It has more than 20, 000 employees who are vital in fostering development. With such a large number of employees, the company is likely to make a positive accrual in its business. This is due to the efficient and sufficient labor that is available. This states the reason why the business has been marking an improving in a seven year streak. Amway is headed by a competent management team. The performance of a company is dependent on the management team. Therefore, a company that has a competent management team is likely to make greater performance in the market. This is one of the strategies that are used by Amway (LLC Books 11). Through the leadership of Andel and Devos, the company has been able to incorporate a perfect management team that deals with its operations. As such, the company has been making positive performance and an improvement over time. Similarly, it has its headquarters in Michigan, which is a strategic place. This makes operations easier as the company focuses more on making an improvement. Branding. A business is determined by the performance of its brands in the market. Strong brands in the market reflect a positive accrual to a business as they attract a larger market niche. To begin with, Amway has a number of well performing brands in the m

Mark Twain used the term Gilded Age for 1870 to 1890 Essay

Mark Twain used the term Gilded Age for 1870 to 1890 - Essay Example He has undertaken investigative process pertaining to the assessment of the different facets. He has assessed the social aspect of the American society, the political pillar and the institutions, their overall outlook, their affectivity, the presence and the parallel absence of institutions in United States of America. This also includes the comparison with the other parts of the world, notably France and Great Britain. All these have been put up in a satirical manner. Administratively the entire nation’s budget netted to a meager amount of 500 million dollars(twain).The expression Gilded state has been used in irony. The tracing of lexical meaning of the word Gilded is being pretentious and outwardly shinning and attractive. The same principle and phenomena has been presented by Mark Twain in his study and assessment of the American nation. Mark Twain was born in 1835 near Florida (Twain). He has referred to the American nation in a broader way as a Gild state. That is outwar dly and pretentiously attractive yet from inside it is marred with all kinds of miseries, troubles and issues within.On social front, the country and its people were fresh from a civil war that had plagued the roots of the nation and its society. It was fresh from the bleeding of over around 600,000 citizens. The people were segmented within with regard to the acceptance for one another. The Southern part was gulfed from the other parts of the country and had little feeling of benevolence for one another.

Movie Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie Response - Essay Example The director of the movie, Spike Lee, who also plays the character of Mookie, portrays the relationship between the characters on the racial background. The message about racism and the relations between races is quite strong and powerful in this film. You can divide the characters into two groups – those who try to live peacefully with the representatives of another race (Pino, Jade, Vito), and those who are in the state of conflict and have anger at the people of different race (Buggin Out, Radio Raheem). Mookie is somewhere in between – he seems to be torn between both sides due to his commitments. One more important character of the movie is Mister Senor Love Daddy – his is the voice of reason in this conflict. The conflict, which builds up gradually and finally breaks out in the end of the movie, is triggered by Buggin Out and Radio Raheem, but the main part is played by Mookie, who seems to finally decide for himself which side to take, and he ends up on the side of his race, the African-Americans. Even though the movie is not easy to watch, I would even dare to say that it is a heavy-duty film, in the end you feel like you have learned something, because you see the position of those who are at the other side. The main conclusion that I come to is that racism is ugly in all its manifestations. Whether there are people dying from the racial conflicts, or businesses suffering, or children are getting the wrong message – racism is bad, it is wrong. When you start watching the movie with the title â€Å"Do the Right Thing†, you wonder what IS the right thing? Watching the movie I was thinking and, in a way, hoping that in the end I will get the answer to this profound question. Instead, I was left wondering. This question is left up to the audience to decide, and that is probably what good movie is about – not to tell you what is right or what is wrong, but to make you ask yourself these questions. In the end of the day, after watching the movie

New Physics and Chemistry Discovered at the CERN's Large Hadron Research Paper - 1

New Physics and Chemistry Discovered at the CERN's Large Hadron Collider - Research Paper Example ATLAS: A Toroidal LHC Apparatus, records measurements for the results of particle collisions. It tracks what particles are created and destroyed in a given collision, and the path of travel and energy for those particles (â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: ATLAS†). They are both considered general-purpose detectors. The experiments were performed using them focus on the search for the Higgs boson and the substance known as dark matter (â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: ATLAS†; â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: CMS†). Both pieces of equipment are needed in order to study the Higgs boson due to its extremely elusive nature. Mathematical and physical proof aa â€Å"light† Higgs boson would require the results of the experiments to agree on both pieces of equipment, and for each experiment to have consistent results across several experimental states each very different from one another (Froidevaux & Sphicas). CMS: Compact Muon Solenoid, has the same research goals as ATLAS, but it has different technical specifications to achieve those goals, especially with regard to the design of the magnet system within the equipment (â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: CMS†). The CMS has been designed to detect the presence of â€Å"missing† energy, which could indicate the presence of stable but weakly-interacting particles, such as energetic neutrinos. This missing energy occurs when the particle moves in the same direction as the beam pipe and so cannot be detected.

Cellular pathology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cellular pathology - Essay Example Eosin is orange pink. The morphology of the tissue The morphology of this tissue from a patient with gastritis is that its inflammatory infiltrate is consisted of lymphocytes that appear dispersed with nodular structures. This complication is termed as lymphocytic gastritis where lymphocytes are detected within the epithelia of granular that are a component of the inflammatory disease. Primary gastric lymphomas lead to more severe intra-glandular lymphocytic infiltrate that destroys or partially replaces the structure of glandular continuity. The presence of neutrophils within the lamina propria of the tissue defines the active inflammation in the gastric mucosa. The gastric biopsy sample develops different glands population (mucosecreting mucosa). The minuscule foci of metaplastic cells may occasionally be encountered in the foveola epithelium, but the overall appropriate glands’ density is not affected. There is also the gastric atrophy that involves the loss of the appropriate glan ds. This occurs where metaplastic glands hence developing a new commitment replace the native glands. The replacement leads to fewer structures of glands. The pathogenesis of the organism demonstrated by the Giemsa stain Modified Giemsa stain is used to identifying the pathogenesis of the organism with the gastritis infection. The organism has been found to be frequently associated with H. Pylori (Helicobacter pylori) that is a negative bacillus. In this histological examination with the Giemsa recognises H. Pylori as curved, short and spiral bacilli located on the surface of epithelial in the layer of mucus of gastric mucosa. Though the diagnosis appeared very slow in sensitivity and specificity, the organism seemed to be originating from H. Pylori in single bacilli of mild colonization. The patient who originally detected to have chronic active gastritis in

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Example for Free

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that the growth of religious fundamentalism is a reaction to globalisation As mentioned in item A ‘much has been written about the decline of religious beliefs and the secularisation of modern societies’ this states that the growth of fundamentalism represents a culture which tends to be a clash between the sacred an secular. Fundamentalism refers to ‘black and white’ thinking that opposes modernism or any sort of progressive beliefs about religion and social topics. Rejecting modern beliefs does not particularly make fundamentalist group violent. Whilst the item mentions ‘they reject modern interpretations o faith as having lost their ways because teachings have been watered down’ this supports the idea that fundamentalist groups tend to oppose anything that challenges their religious interpretations and opinions. There are various characteristics of fundamentalism; a sociologist Bruce indicates the fact that religious text are seen as perfect. Referring back to the item it suggests that ‘fundamentalism seek a return to a literal interpretation of their holy book and strict obedience to religious teachings’ this supports Bruce idea as such holy teaching must be read literally-be it the bible, quran or the torah for e.g. Homosexuality is seen to be a sin, and fundamentalist groups are strongly against this view. Although there are many holy teachings and beliefs, one consequence of this is that fundamentalism rejects religious pluralism; there can be but one literal truth. This reflects on the important implications for what school teach for e.g. in some Christian schools in USA, the obect the scientific explanations of creation. Another aspect of fundamentalist is there is a profound rejection of modern society. Living in the modern world is seen as problematic because of the variety of choice; including too much choice of religion, sexuality, lifestyle etc. As mentioned in the item ‘while fundamentalism may have views that differ greatly from the mainstream’ this supports the perception that fundamentalists reject the idea of choice and assert the value of tradition. Lastly, another characteristic is activism. Activism is strongly encouraged whereby fundamentalists are vocal in their struggle of good against evil. In their ways of active approach many fundamentalists resort to violence in bid to express both their hatred of modernity and the need for tradition values to return for all. Examples of extremist fundamentalism include the shooting of  Malala, bombing of abortion clinics, 9/11 etc, Islamic fundamentalists. Quoting from the item ‘some sociologists argue that one response to globalisation has been the growth of religious fundamentalists’ This was the central view of Giddens whom mentioned that globalisation has turned the whole planet earth into a ‘global village’ such that every point o n the planet is constant and lose touch with the rest of the world via electronic, satellite or telephone communication. This has had a huge impact on fundamentalism. There are clear examples of how globalisation has helped fundamentalist groups for e.g. Terrorist groups such al-qaeda have various websites to both communication members and grow in numbers. Depite the fact that fundamentalists are against modernity, they can be seen as hypocritical groups as they tend to use modern ways and technology to spread their views. Another clear example is represented by the Miss World beauty Pageant in Nigeria 2002 A ‘blasphemous’ article was published by a newspaper office suggesting the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) would have liked a Miss World Beauty Queen. This had raised riots by Muslim fundamentalists which claimed over 100 lives. Assessing the view that globalisation has a growing state of fundamentalists, if such articles were not published, would there be such a large scale of fundamentalist activity? However growth in fundamentalism can be due to other factors beside globalisation. A response to secularisation; once again Bruce identifies fundamentalism is caused by secularisation- he argues the decline in religion in modern society, combining the views of science and rationality, undermines traditional faiths which supports evidence from the item as it mentions ‘but fundamentalism seems to go against this trend’ and therefore this does not truly suggest that globalisation is the main reaction to the growth of fundamentalist groups. Almond et al agree secularisation and modernisation produces fundamentalist however implying that it is caused by facets such as low levels of education and high levels of inequality, economic problems displacement of people by war, and western resentment and hatred. This also ties in with such facts that fundamentalism is more likely to develop when; there is just one sacred perfect text which followers can argue, a religion must have a common enemy etc. Such aspects determine that globalisation is not the only factor, there are many other ways of fundamentalist groups increasing Another aspect may be certainty in a world of choice.  Fundamentalists groups tend to have an appeal to those who seek a moral anchor in a world of unlimited choice i.e. young people. Modernity creates a moral ambiguity- unaware of what to do and therefore leading to a profusion of choice and a lack of guidance. This verifies the idea that globalisation is not the only reason as to why fundamentalists is growing, but attracting people in other ways. Lastly, Karen Armstrongs view also supports the view that it is not due to globalization. She argues there is nothing in Islamic religion which tends to lead towards fundamentalist beliefs. Many Islamic leaders and followers are in favour of westernisation and modernisation. However her argument differs to many as she states that the west has tried to impose modernisation too rapidly in these countries and as a result, this has lead to mass resentment f the west by many Islamic populations in the world, thus encouraging Islamic fundamentalism. In conclusion, although gloablisation does play a major role as to why fundamentalist groups are promptly growing, we cannot assume this is the only way. Assessing the view of this, it does need to be taken into consideration that there are other elements which have an impact of fundamentalist groups vastly spreading such as secularisation, economic problems, certainty in a world of choice etc.

The floor or similar Essay Example for Free

The floor or similar Essay Prediction: I believe that I will discover that the resistance of a wire increases proportionally with the length. I think that this is due to the way resistance occurs in a typical wire. Resistance is the result of negatively charged electrons (the actual current) colliding with the positively charged ions that make up the wire. The collisions cause the energy in the electron to be lost, and when they occur on a larger scale there is a noticeable difference between the start and end voltage of a circuit. As the length of the wire increases, so must the number of particles. As the number of particles increases, so will the number of collisions, and therefore the amount of resistance encountered. George Ohm discovered that the voltage of a circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through the circuit, meaning that if you triple one, you triple the other. He then came up with a rule for working out the resistance of a circuit (rearranged from his original equation): Resistance = Current / Voltage This is the formula I will use to calculate the resistance of the wire. A wire, showing collisions occurring If you double the length of the wire, I believe you will double the resistance. Background: The flow of charge in a wire is called the current. It is expressed in terms of the number of coulombs per second going past a given point on a wire. One coulomb/sec equals 1 ampere (symbol A), a unit of electric current named after a French physicist. I have explained how resistance occurs above, and volts are an expression of the amount of energy being carried by the electrons flowing through a circuit. The electrons are negatively charged, and move round the circuit (from the negative side to the positive side of the battery) as a result of attraction to the protons. Plan: I will carry out the experiment by first affixing the 100cm length of the chosen wire to a ruler, using sellotape. I will then set the power supply to approximately the right voltage, and then use the variable resistor to set the exact current (measured on the voltmeter). I have to use this method because the PSU itself is not accurate enough for our purposes. Once this preparation is complete, I will attach the first crocodile clip to one end of the ruler, and the second clip at the first distance, completing the circuit drawn below. The power supply will then be turned on long enough for the measurement to be taken, to prevent the wire heating up. Circuit diagram: Variables and Constants: o The length of the wire, obviously, will change to give a series of readings. o I will also vary the voltage used, to see if the same relationship exists at differing voltages. o The equipment used (see below for list) will all be kept the same, to ensure a fair experiment. o The temperature of the wire I will attempt to keep the same by turning off equipment when not in use. The wire will heat up (as a result of resistance), and so I will give it a chance to cool. Apparatus used: o Meter rule o 1M length of chosen wire, attached with sellotape to above rule. o Crocodile clips o Voltmeter and Ammeter o Standard power supply o Variable resistor o Connecting cables Safety Considerations: o The wire will heat up during the experiment, so care must be taken to ensure it does not burn. The current will only be left on for the minimum amount of time, to prevent dangerous heating. o Some wires available are very thin but strong, and can cut easily into flesh. o Trailing cables are a hazard, and I must make sure no cables drape onto the floor or similar.

Migration Rate of Colo16 Cells Exposed to UV Light

Migration Rate of Colo16 Cells Exposed to UV Light Introduction: Cells exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays of light often supress signalling pathways associated with inflammation as well as the immune system and as a result of activating the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Radiation from UV light is from the electromagnetic spectrum and can be divided into two primary wavelengths; UVA 320 – 400 nm and UVB 290 – 320 nm. UVA rays are more dominant than UVB, however both UVA rays reaching the subcutaneous layer of skin and UVB rays reaching the dermis are known to cause the development of skin cancers via damaging the DNA of skin cells (1, 2, 3). The effect of UV light on cells can be measured by determining the time the cells take to migrate back to their normal positions after the creation of an artificial wound. An inexpensive and easy assay to perform to make such measurements is the scratch assay. The scratch assay uses a pipette tip to create an artificial gap between the cells under aseptic conditions and uses high resolution imaging devices connected to an inverted microscope to take pictures of the cells migrating at specific time intervals. The images can then be used to calculate the distances travelled under the different UV exposures and therefore a comment on how the cells were affected under the different conditions can be made (1, 2, 3, 4). In this experiment, Human squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) cells that are known to have a dysfunctional p53 proteins were taken from the epithelial Colo16 cell line and used to measure the migration distances of the cells under different UV exposures. Then the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 was added to the Colo16 cells in order to determine if it had an effect on the cell migration distances under the same UV exposures (1, 3, 5, 6). GM6001 is a MMP inhibitor that inhibits the enzyme collagenase which destroys the peptide bonds of the protein collagen found in the extracellular matrix. Collagen is an important component of the connective tissue and helps the cells adhere to their surrounding surfaces. GM6001 has been shown to block the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and inhibit cell migration responses (3, 5). Aims: To determine the migration rate of Colo16 cells exposed to UV light at intervals of 12 hours over 48 hours after the creation of an artificial wound (gap). To determine the effect of the MMP inhibitor GM6001 on the migration rate of Colo16 cells exposed to UV light at intervals of 24 hours over 72 hours after the creation of an artificial wound (gap). Hypothesis: If cells from the Colo16 cell line are treated with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 then it is expected that the mean gap distance will increase when compared with untreated Colo16 cells under the same exposure to UV light due to the inhibition of collagenases that breakdown collagen and the blocking of EGFR phosphorylation. Materials and methods: As per the BIOL2299 2014 Prac 4 lab notes. Results: Raw class data for the untreated and treated Colo16 cell gap distance (mm) is shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. From the class data our group was Group A shown in Table 3 and Table 4, and the mean class data along with its standard deviation values is shown in Table 5 to Table 8. Table 1. Class Untreated Colo16 Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 2. Class Colo16 GM6001 Treated Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 3. Group A Colo16 Untreated Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 4. Group A GM6001 Treated Colo16 Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 5. Mean Class Colo16 Untreated Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 6. Class Standard Deviation (SD) of Colo16 Untreated Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 7. Mean Class GM6001 Treated Colo16 Cell Gap Distance (mm). Table 8. Class Standard Deviation (SD) of GM6001 Treated Colo16 Cell Gap Distance (mm). Figure 1. Line graph showing the mean gap distance of Untreated Colo16 cells under different UV exposures along with the standard deviation values after the creation of a synthetic gap using a pipette tip at intervals of 12 hours over 48 hours post-irradiation. Figure 2. Line graph showing the mean gap distance of Colo16 cells treated with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 under different UV exposures along with the standard deviation values after the creation of a synthetic gap using a pipette tip at intervals of 24 hours over 72 hours post-irradiation. Discussion: From the line graph in Fig. 1, the Colo16 cells under UV radiation showed a slower decline in gap distance compared with the control. And the Colo16 cells exposed to UVA + UVB rays had the slowest decrease in gap distance over 48 hours after the creation of the artificial wound with a gap distance of only 0.200 mm suggesting that both UVA and UVB work with synergy together and the p38 MAPK pathway and therefore cause a delay in wound healing. From the line graph in Fig. 2, the Colo16 cells treated with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 exposed to different UV conditions had a delayed cell migration response when compared to the control GM6001 Colo16 cells that were not exposed to UV irradiation. This may be due to the inhibition of collagenases that help breakdown the collagen found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the Colo16 cells via the action of GM6001. GM6001 is a MMP inhibitor that inhibits the enzyme collagenase that normally is involved in the breakdown of collagen of the ECM. This inhibition may affect the cell migration of Colo16 cells during wound healing as a result of the collagen not being broken down by the collagenases in the ECM and therefore resulting in the cells being adhered to their surrounding for a longer time; increasing the time required to close the gap and complete the wound healing process. Discussion questions: What other ways are there to determine whether cells are migrating into the wound or proliferating into it? (Are there morphological characteristics of cell migration or proliferation?) Other ways of determining cell migration or proliferation include: 1 – Immunofluorescence staining: cells can be stained using fluorescence markers that use antibodies to bind to specific antigens associated with cell migration or proliferation such as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (7). 2 – Laser scanning confocal microscopy: cells can be viewed under high resolution and the morphological features of migrating cells can be observed such as the formation of fibrin matrices, an increase of length, width and total spread of fibroblasts (7). 3 – Boyden chamber: which measures cell migration via the determination of a chemical gradient based on chemicals release via chemotaxis during cell migration (7). What is a Boyden chamber and why would you use it? Give 3 examples of where it can be used. A Boyden chamber is an in vitro chemotaxis assay that measures cell migration via the analysis of leukocyte chemotaxis, where cells are placed in pores at the top of a chamber and allowed to migrate through its pores containing chemotactic agents. After incubation the cells are stained and the number of cells that have migrated to the lower portion of the chamber (8). The Boyden chamber can be used to measure: 1 – Cell migration based on chemicals released to the cell’s surrounding, and determine if a specific chemical causes the cells to migrate towards or away from the stimulant (Chemotaxis) (8). 2 – Cell migration based on the gradient of specific extracellular matrix proteins, and determine if a particular protein causes the cells to migrate towards or away from the protein. This can be done via the coating of the chamber with the protein of choice (Haptotaxis) (8). 3 – Cell migration rate of tumour cells through the vascular endothelium toward specific chemokines (8). Describe 3 limitations of the scratch method. Some limitations of the scratch method include: 1 – Creation of an artificial wound of the same approximate width can be extremely difficult and any variance in the gap distance between the different cells at time 0 hr can greatly affect the significance of the results (4). 2 – The incubation of the cells after the creation of the wound (scratch) has to be long enough to help the cells migrate during the fastest time frame and any variance in this may lead to the cells not migrating equally, therefore affecting the results. Also, the temperature and environmental conditions of the incubator have to be at their ideal values for healthy cellular migration (4). 3 – Highly time consuming, in order for the readings to be statistically significant at least 100 readings of distance for each sample and each experiment must be repeated at least three times. As a result, this creates copious amounts of data that consumes a lot of time and energy to analyse (4). If you are investigating cell growth factors on cell migration, should serum be present in the media? Explain your answer. Yes, Serum containing the growth factors should be found in the media in order to study its effects and the growth factors should be soluble in the serum and added to the media before the addition of cells in order to be equally distributed in the solution (4). What are the main differences in investigating a scratch assay using non-transformed vs transformed cells? Transformed cells are transfected with a plasmid coding the gene of interest along with a plasmid marker before the conduction of a scratch assay, whereas non-transformed cells are investigated without being transfected with a specific plasmid (4). Apart from taking photos of the cells over time, propose another way you may be able to show cell migration. Cell migration can be shown via the conduction of an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) in vitro cell migration assay that measures cell migration via the creation of a wound by passing an electrical current through the cell and causing electroporation. Then cell migration is measured via the calculation of the cell’s impedance in ohms over a specific time as seen in Fig. 3 (9). Figure 3. Typical ECIS data involving the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) in vitro cell migration assay (http://www.biophysics.com/woundhealingpubs.php#ECIStheory). Which of the methods is the one that most labs would not use, explain why you think this would be so. Most labs would not use the ECIS in vitro migration assay due to its expensive cost and it’s relatively time consuming cell type dependant incubation times. Another in vitro migration assay that would not be used in labs is the microfluidics-based system due to its need for nanofabrication facilities and its reasonably very expensive cost (4). Conclusion: In conclusion, Colo16 cells under UV radiation showed a slower decline in gap distance compared with the control. And the Colo16 cells exposed to UVA + UVB rays had the slowest decrease in gap distance over 48 hours after the creation of the artificial wound with a gap distance of only 0.200 mm suggesting that both UVA and UVB work with synergy together and the p38 MAPK pathway and therefore cause a delay in wound healing. Whereas, the Colo16 cells treated with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 exposed to different UV conditions had a delayed cell migration response when compared to the control GM6001 Colo16 cells that were not exposed to UV irradiation. This may be due to the inhibition of collagenases that help breakdown the collagen found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the Colo16 cells via the action of GM6001. This inhibition caused by GM6001 may affect the cell migration of Colo16 cells during wound healing as a result of the collagen not being broken down by the collagenases in the ECM and therefore resulting in the cells being adhered to their surrounding for a longer time; increasing the time required to close the gap and complete the wound healing process. References: BIOL2299 Biology of Tissue Growth and Repair Manual, 2014. Reichrath J, Rass K. Ultraviolet damage, DNA repair and vitamin D in nonmelanoma skin cancer and in malignant melanoma: an update. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2014;810:208-33. Muthusamy V, Piva TJ. A comparative study of UV-induced cell signalling pathways in human keratinocyte-derived cell lines. Archives of dermatological research. 2013;305(9):817-33. Liang CC, Park AY, Guan JL. In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro. Nature protocols. 2007;2(2):329-33. Grobelny D, Poncz L, Galardy RE. Inhibition of human skin fibroblast collagenase, thermolysin, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase by peptide hydroxamic acids. Biochemistry. 1992;31(31):7152-4. Moore GE, Merrick SB, Woods LK, Arabasz NM. A Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Cancer Research. 1975;35(10):2684-8. Chen HC. Boyden chamber assay. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ). 2005;294:15-22. http://www.cellbiolabs.com/boyden-chamber-assays http://www.biophysics.com/woundhealingpubs.php#ECIStheory

Essay --

In the mind of Anselm he had noticed that there needs to be something that follows from all of this: if a being is perfect by definition, then that being must exist. Anselm believed that if a perfect being did not exist, then it would not be perfect. In which it would be impossible for God not to exist, for if He did not exist, there would be no definition of a perfect being. God is a â€Å"necessary being.† The example of you and I as perfect beings is not conceivable because we are not necessary beings, in our past if there were any change, then we would not exist. God is however different, He had to exist. This entire concept is known as the Ontological Argument. Though the Ontological Argument is very precise in being able to prove that there needs to be an existent perfect being to be able to have a perfect being. There are several flaws within this argument. For all of Anselm’s arguments to work, we would need a notion of content of his proposition that God is the highest human conception. We would also need a correlation between the conception of â€Å"being† in a general way of matching up to the idea of a â€Å"Supreme Being.† The problem that Anselm has is that there is not a â€Å"being† that matches up to the type of â€Å"being† that God is. If God were in existence, he would have to be in separable parts and divided into many places if he were to consist of being omnipresent. So He cannot be a perfect â€Å"one† being unless he was multiple beings of reality. What Anselm also didn’t cover was the fact of God being a Personal God. When Anselm came up with the line of reasoning known as the Ontological Argument. His argument provides no place or a need for the perfect being to be personal. Which is a big deal being a christian, believing in Inc... ...understanding. Which would mean that this person was greater than God. But nothing can be greater than God. Hence it is not true that God exists in the understanding but not in reality. In conclusion, the formulation of the argument from a metaphysical assumption and both philosophical and theological argument takes its false standpoint that builds up an entire edifice on assumptions that weren’t questioned back in Anselms’ day. Anselm then could not question whether â€Å"being† was continuous or discontinuous across cultures which philosophers developed much later. The argument is thus flawed insofar as it relies on a definition of the Supreme Being that is conditioned by human reason, while also assuming giving positive, univocal identification to created â€Å"being† and Supreme Being. Resting his theory in general on a divine exemplarism, which has not yet been proven.

James Thurbers The Secret Life of Walter Mitty :: Secret Life Walter Mitty Essays

James Thurber's The Secret Life of Walter Mitty In James Thurber's wonderful short story, "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", I get the feeling that he may be a victim of Attention Deficit Disorder, rather than just being a daydreamer. Throughout the story, Walter changes personae several times. He flips back and forth between reality and fantasy so much he may have a problem with his attention span. Walter needs Mrs. Mitty to keep him on track. By being a daydreamer, his head is in the clouds and this irritates her. She Reminds him to get "those overshoes while I'm having my hair done." (88) She has to nudge and prod him to actually get the pair of overshoes. Normally, this shouldn't be a problem, but with Walter, She has to double check that he bought them. Consider him having been diagnosed with A.D.D., his wife would then be a little better at understanding him when he goes off on one of his "spells." For example, him buying the overshoes, but not wearing them in the slushy weather. Mrs. Mitty should take a little more active role with his condition. She would go with him to the store to pick up his overshoes so that she knows it was taken care of properly. The weekly trips into town are somewhat of a disaster each time. once, he had tried to take the chains of of his tires and they got them "wound around the axle" and had to have a man come from a garage to unwind them. Mrs. Mitty leaves Walter on his own so that he can run errands, while she goes to the beauty parlor to get her hair done. Because of his daydreaming, he ends up loosing himself in a court battle in his head. How can anyone expect to remember to buy puppy biscuits with something like that happening? A.D.D. is not something to be treated lightly. instead of going to the beauty parlor, Mrs. Mitty should go with Walter to help him stay on track with his errands. By running their weekly errands together, Mrs. Mitty would come to better realize the problems that Walter faces on a daily basis. This would also help to alleviate some of the troubles that they have had in the past to make future trips more tolerable. Does Walter have a problem? Yes, he does. Whether it is being a day dreamer or someone afflicted with A.

Social Security Essay examples -- essays research papers

SOCIAL SECURITY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The purpose of Social Security is to provide for the material needs of individuals and families, to protect aged and disabled persons against the expenses of illnesses that may otherwise use up their savings; to keep families together; and to give children the chance to grow up healthy and secure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I write this term paper, I will discuss the following topics, related to Social Security: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A brief history of Social Security. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Types of Social Security benefits. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How Social Security is financed. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How you earn Social Security work credits. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A brief history of Social Security: 06/08/34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Federal legislation to promote Economic Security was recommended in President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s message to Congress. 06/29/34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Roosevelt created the committee on Economic Security to study the problems related to economic security and make recommendations for a program of legislation. 01/17/35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Committee on Economic Securities’ recommendations were introduced in the 74th Congress. 04/19/35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Social Security Act was passed in the House of Representatives by a vote of 372 to 33. 06/19/35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Social Security Act was passed in the Senate by a vote of 77 to 6. 08/14/35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Social Security Act became law with President Roosevelt’s signature. 08/23/35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Senate confirmed the president’s nomination of the original members of the Social Security Board, John G. Winant, Chairman, Arthur J. Altmeyer, and Vincent M. Miles. 10/14/36  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first Social Security field office was opened in Austin, Texas. 11/09/36  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Baltimore Office for Record Keeping Operations opened in the Candler Building. 11/24/36  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Applications for Social Security account numbers were distributed by the post office. 01/01/37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers began to acquire credits towards old-age insurance benefits. 01/37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First application for benefits f... ...efits, How Social Security is Financed, and How you earn Social Security Work Credits. The clock is ticking for the Social Security System with a gigantic baby boom generation approaching retirement age, Social Security faces a funding crisis. By about 2012 more money will be going out to Social Security recipients than will be coming in from workers payroll taxes. The system’s trust fund can cover the difference for a while, but by about 2032 the trust fund will be empty and the program will no longer be able to meet all of its obligations. Historically, politicians have had a simple, consistent position on Social Security, do nothing. However, a spirited bipartisan debate is raging in Capital Hill and across the nation, over a handful of possible changes, all of which were considered unthinkable a few years ago: 1) Cutting benefits across the board (or just for the wealthy). 2) Raising the payroll tax across the board (or just for the wealthy). 3) Raising the age at which retirees become eligible. 4) Investing the trust fund more aggressively. 5) Letting workers contribute to personal security accounts that the government would manage (or that workers would manage themselves).

Hate Crime in America Essay

â€Å"A Hate Crime is an intentional, deliberate, and methodically-charged crime executed in order to cause harm or damage with regard to a specific victim chosen as a result of prejudice, racism, bias, and unlawful resentment. The range of Hate Crimes is a broad one†. The paper will inform readers of different types of hate crimes and behaviors of hate crime. From that topic, readers will learn what hate crime, the history of hate crime is and what makes hate crime different from other crimes. The topic will continue with the causes and characteristic of hate crimes informing readers of the popular hate crimes, their victims, and perpetrators. As the paper progress, the paper will inform readers research on what motivates people to commit hate crimes such as people sexually preference, race or their religion. The topic will also touch on common ways of committing hate crimes and who is known for committing those different hate crimes. The paper would also provide research information on ways to address hate crime. Victims of hate crimes now have laws to protect them from people’s cruel intentions. These laws help protect the rights of people who is victimize because of their religion, race, sexual orientation, handicap, ethnicity, or national origin. Offenses motivated by hatred against a victim based on their religion, sex orientation, race, handicapped, ethnicity, or national origin is considered a hate crime, this issue has risen up on the political charts; however, the phenomenon is hardly new. Hate crimes was largely inspired by United States religious and racial bias (Phillips, 2009). Hates crimes go as far back as the early 16th and 17th century when Native Americans were the target of intimidation and violence. (Phillips, 2009). The number of hate crimes committed in the US seems small when compared to other crimes that are committed, but the crime can become more violent than other crimes (Wessler, 2001). When hate crimes are committed, it is not to just victimize that certain person but the group of people that victim represents. This then causes chaos and hatred to spread through the community like a virus. Unlike other crimes hate crimes causes retaliation and may be the cause of series of deaths to occur through a community very rapidly. Wessler (2001) says that young people mostly commit hate crimes and their victims endure more physical and psychological harm than victims of other crimes do. Victims  should not have to deal with hate crimes alone communities and others should definitely speak out when others are being demeaning to others because of their religion, race, gender or sexual preference. According to Wessler (2001) â€Å"Everyday eight blacks, three whites, three gays, three Jews, and one Latino become hate crime victims†. Hate crimes is motivated by many different reasons, however race and religion inspire most hate crime that is committed in the Unites States (Wessler, 2001). When this bias act motivates this unlawful act, it targets forty percent of blacks and 13 percent are anti white. (Wessler, 2001). This bias act has been a rife in American history since the early 1800s. The new face of hate crime that has out number other hate crimes in the 20 century would be the attack against the Asian American and the homosexuals, according the FBI statistics (Wessler, 2001). Hate crimes is a human condition that is taught and has a host of factors that created a climate in which people , motivated by their biases, take criminal action (â€Å"1999 Hate Crimes Laws, Anti-Defamation League,†, 1999). According to â€Å"1999 Hate Crimes Laws, Anti-Defamation League,† (1999), â€Å"such factors include poor or uncertain economic conditions, racial stereo types, in films and on television†. As early in the paper, it stated that most hate crime is committed because of race, religion, gender or sexual orientation. Race is the leading cause for hate crimes to be committed. African Americans who constitute the single largest minority group are more likely to be victims of hate crimes than to be a perpetrator of hate crime. In 1995, there were 8,000 hate crimes reports and nearly 3,000 were motivated by bias against African Americans (â€Å"Early Warning, Timely Response, Us Department of Education†,). The other victims consist of Jews, Asian Americans and Muslims. Attacks upon gays and lesbians are becoming more violent and the number of attacks against this group is increasing. The â€Å"Early Warning, Timely Response, Us Department of Education informs that there were 29 gay related murders. Most of the murders were accompanied hideous violence including mutilation. The brutality of these attacks can be conveyed by describing the weapons involve. There are a range weapons used to commit these violent acts such as, bottles, bricks, and rocks, followed by bats, clubs and blunt objects. Violence against gays and lesbians were so brutal, communities and most members of minorities that  were already subject in discriminations often demonized them. This often left gay and lesbians feeling isolated and vulnerable because of the difficult relationship with their communities and the police department. Religion is also a face that motivates hate crime. Every week there is a cross-burned according to Wessler (2001). At St, John Baptist Church a historic black church founded in 1765 has been a target of attacks committed by a group of whites which most of the time belong in a vicious hate group called the Ku Klux Klan. Groups like the KKK had such a negative impact on the society that they influenced 85 percent of the hate crime committed by single civilians and the other 15 percent they were directly responsible for committing those bias unlawful acts against others. Phillips (2009) Hate groups have so much power that they can spawn violence even not being present during the time that the crime was committed Phillips (2009). St John Baptist Church was just one of at least 73 other churches that suffer vandalism and suspicious fires from hate groups Phillips (2009). Most hate crimes committed against African American churches was victimizing during the 1800s and early 1900s during the period of slavery. Hate crimes are committed for different reasons and can occur anywhere and anytime. The important thing is catching these hateful acts as soon as they are committed, starting with hateful jokes and comments. Every Hour a hate crime is committed Wessler (2001). Phillips (2009) says that every one hate crime that is reported there are nine other hate crimes that go UN reported. Victims have a myriad of reasons why they do not report when they are a victim of hate crime. Some homosexual may not be ready to come out the closet fearing ruining relationships with co-workers family and friends. Some victims have little confidence that the authorities will not help them receive justice from there perpetuators. For hate crimes that is reported political leaders, law enforcement agencies state and federal agencies and public interest groups are working together to track down the origin of the bias acts committed Wessler (2001). If ever a victim of hate crime there is laws to protect people from people bias unlawful acts. A victim should first contact their local police or speak with someone at a higher level to inform them of the perpetrator’s cruel intentions Wessler (2001). When hate crimes are committed, their perpetrators face punishment  such as fines to their victims and jail time depending on how severe the crime is Wessler (2001). The Good news of all of this is that as a nation it is more people fighting against hate crimes Wessler (2001). People are speaking out more when bias acts flares up in their present. If ever been physically attacked, threatened with physical harm or discriminated against because of race, color, religion, national origin, ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, or disability is a victim of hate crime. Hate crime existing since the early 1800s now have laws to protect people from bias unlawful acts committed against them. Although America still filled of hatred, with the help of the government, law enforcements, nonprofit groups against hate crime and good people, can help slow down the motivated bias acts. References 1)Early Warning, Timely Response, Us Department of Education. (). Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/OSEP/earlywrn.html 2)1999 Hate crimes Laws, Anti-Defamation League,. (1999). Retrieved from http://www.adl.org/frames/front_99hatecrime.html 3)Wessler, S. (2001). Addressing Hate Crimes. Six Initiatives That Are Enhancing the Efforts of Criminal Justice Practitioners. Hate Crimes Series. Bureau of Justice Assistance Monograph, 4)Phillips, N. D. (2009). The prosecution of hate crimes:. The Limitations of the Hate Crime Typology,

Gender Roles in United States Essay

grammatical gender role distaff genitals be defined as physical body of professed personality trait and bitners sight by males or womanlys in a given society. Different culture imposes a several(predicate) set of expectations on work force and women (faqs, n.d). Every culture has a different number of norms that they use to differentiate a perfect male or female person with an imperfect one.Who sets these gender roles? What if one is uneffective to be the perfect male / female? Is it right to restrict raft to plough out of the perceived roles into something that is entirely resistance? wherefore is it assumed that a female bequeath stay home to alter and clean while a man depart be the sole bread earner of the house? An extensive make do has been going on for years regarding this crystalliseic. feel around us a commercialised selling razor blade will show a man who is wiped out(p) and well built and in a shampoo commercial will do a female who couldnt be any pre ttier yet she still does the shape things in life. A magazine will always cover a top model and not a housewife. Why does media always shows beautiful, perfect physique females and tall, large-minded men, be it an advertisement of food harvest-feast or a house or any cars?Though over the years, people atomic number 18 being acceptable towards recreation in gender roles. Men and women atomic number 18 meeting together to understand and typeset to the shift occurring in gender roles Women work hand in hand with men to support living, media shows program covering shape people from the streets and both genders of a family are involved in taking major(ip) decisions.This change will defiantly return in break down environment at workplaces, better atmosphere at homes, better standards of living for the young generation and an transmission line of equality will amongst the upcoming generation.ReferencesFaqs. Gender Roles (Internet), www.faqs.org (Accessed on January 11, 2009) ht tp//www.faqs.org/health/topics/8/Gender-roles.html

Social Class and Inequality

Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class economic status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other.One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, political consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources.Unemployment rate is a financial index for virtually any nation.First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; wired and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent o f the Canadian population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions self generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- collar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The working social class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Class inequalities do not seem to be extending.

For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The growing wide disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social wide spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).It, however, may expand further.The wealthy or left upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class.Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest different levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there old has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by new single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006).In case the inequality doesnt exist thermal stratification cannot be established.

According to Hier & Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canadas elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste central system (Hier ; Walby, 2006).A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity how serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p.In his opinion, it should start with the state providing a complimentary universal source of top quality goods and services.They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for front entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break throug h, most ethnic groups were consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take many jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001).There is a sharp distinction between heavy industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources.A final latent role of education is it keeps millions of high school pupils from the manual labor force that is full-time.

In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingualism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access.Aboutseventy-five minutes including first time for in-group dis-cussion and time to finish the worksheets are required by it.Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for irish immigrant classes that is unlike anythin g else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and chinese immigration status† (p. 338).Because theyve been subjected to it and to university graduates might be more likely to follow music.

According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and financial institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cultural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The fur trade justified this enslavement logical and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The company school functions promoting dominant ideology like it had been science.Th erefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job.Lower social different classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin logical and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized logical and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006).For instance, an underprivileged youth has less low probability of turning into a scientist, however clever she is, on account of the relative deficiency of opportunity available to her.

The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study how that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada.The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are former Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The other Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005).Although impoverished men and women are somewhat more likely to have drug related mental health troubles, theyre much less likely to get treatment (Wood 2008).What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled international reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005).Those groups are d eprived of the education and more basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their public education at every level, which further reduces their opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005).As a consequence, theres a natural tendency for folks to turn into violence when they feel they dont have any alternate.

This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basis of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the non Aboriginals living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005).In the circumstances it might naive to think about.Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is consider also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nationsâ⠂¬â„¢ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall young Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005).Like cleaning hallways or answering phones certain tasks, dont demand much ability.

Although the Aboriginal groups that stand still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, how there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population.While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the good overall population (Driedger, 2001).Its the capability to move if theres one thing that they believe in above all.The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determi nes esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as angeles long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s social lower classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N.Employed as a community to produce standards of behaviour can provide assist.

(2001). Changing visions in ethnic relations. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 421-451. Gyimah, S.(2005). Ethnicity, immigration and housing wealth in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 14(2), 338-363. Hier, S.Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, 26(1), 83-104.Macionis, J. J. , ; Gerber, L.Retrieved late May 21, 2008, from http://wps. pearsoned. ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438. cw/index.

A Central Theme or Motif in the Play Othello, Is Jealousy

distrustful hellion is the nonice mind in the run Othello by William Shakespe atomic number 18. It is the nigh non equal to(p) literary role b come out of the c neglectt that focuses on the dangers of green-eyed monster. The variation is a deliberate of how green-eyed monster basin buoy ravish lives in time with exclusively the puff up-nigh sm wholly examine of guilt. The exemplify opens in Venice and revolves princip anyy about a reality c each(prenominal)ed Othello. Its his actions and thoughts which makes the match enkindle and suspenseful. Themes such as bang, green-eyed monster, betrayal, reality and requital argon all in all outstanding and wide represent give nonice-to- revoke the race.However, as we make into the symbolise and the grammatical case Othello, we leave al ane derive that green-eyed monster is in the long run the or so primordial base of operations of them all. It is the essential division that fuels the cha racters and on the face of it crafted the race into how it is today. From the radical of the depend, we intelligibly pass the green-eyed monster in Iago. This is dependn with his faeces at being passed oer for procession to be Othellos lieutenant. Cassio, the hit payoff, got the transaction quite of Iago the experient soldier. He al one has to digest his red. But, of course, he does not, and that fashions the tearaway(a) posture of the play.His scheme of relations with loss is to peach post with vengeance and lying against Othello, who has chagrined him by passing over him for promotion. He remain next to Othello, performing as his outdo helpmate when he is truly deceiving Othello, I am not what I am. He is out to institute rachis at Othello and he does this by creating an curse-minded scheme against him. Othello is in whop with Desdemona and on the QT marries her. He erotic slams her and is free to do anything for her. However, he is bli nd by this love and allows green-eyed monster to break off their family relationship. green-eyed monster is so withering and has rendered Othello to become so susceptible to the evil schemes by Iago. Iago uses Desdemona in his design, and succeeds greatly. Iagos throw begins as he openly executes his plan of destruction, which incorporates jealousy as the key factor. He intends to urinate a unassail fit mother wit of jealousy in Othello by ambit up the mirage of an occasion betwixt Desdemona and Cassio. Othello is a naive man. He has neer dealt with a topographic confidential information desire this onwards. As a result, he had rattling thoroughgoing reactions be causa of his jealousy.However, Othellos jealousy has not certain and until now doubts their affair. thusly no peak actions pass water been perpetrate muchover. The reiterate out at erst with love or jealousy by Othello allows us to visit that he comfort has credence in Desdemona and doe s not opine she is cheater on him. However, Iago continues to corrode Othello with rumors of the affair. His doggedness and Othellos vulner world power has caused a speedy suppuration of jealousy in him. By the recite I like not that, we burn see that it is the bit point for Othello he begins to tendency towards Iagos adaptation of the truth.In doing so, Othello move into the ambush and tells Iago that he wants Cassio and Desdemona dead. His love for Desdemona is so loyal and yet jealousy overpowers him. Iago ca-cas that although he does not guard substantiation of the affair, he is dormant able to cause molest As proofs of divine writ this may do something. From this we realise how stony Othello is. jealousy has do him lose his ability to originator or call back logically. In fact, Iago has been so do with his plan that he was able to cat Othello into a verbalise of madness.He up to now loses potency of his personify and Iago explains it as epilep tic seizures. At the end of the play, by and by Othello smothers Desdemona to death, it is brought to his vigilance that he was primed(p) up by Iago. In horror, he realizes his mistake. erect before his suicide, Othello explains that all volition scram to remark to him as one that love not sagely just overly well. His wish of date brought upon his ruin. jealousy is draw end-to-end the play as a large sense or more specifically, a green-eyed monster. This becomes more and more more bad and intense.However, its at the end of the play that Othello points original actions because his jealousy has caused him to debate everything is true. jealousy here(predicate) is harness as a weapon system, a weapon made so deadly because its dupe ultimately ruins himself and others or so him. It is elicit that Iago uses jealousy against Othello, as jealousy is in all likelihood the commencement of Iagos aversion in the primary place. In Othello, jealousy takes umteen for ms, from familiar suspense to professed(prenominal) competition, plainly it is, in all cases, destructive.However, this jealousy was not earlier braggy Othello, but was rather true by dint of Iagos many an(prenominal) plans of destruction, which is soundless finished Othellos dislodge in record and actions taken. By studying the textual matter Othello by William Shakespeare, we are able to go steady that jealousy is a efficacious emotion, one that do-nothing destroy relationships, and bring in the mind. Whether versed or platonic, at one time the ejaculate of jealousy is position it plunder require to ravage consequences, as seen in the play.Jealousy can comfortably pass into anger, and veil its dupe do them preoccupy with the notion. In the play Othello, many of the characters polish dupe to jealousy, cause them to commit acts impertinent of their prescript persona. Othello was the victim in the play, and was miserably destruct by his mutinous jealously. pop of all the characters in this play, its clear that jealousy was what sunk Othello. Jealousy had the to the highest degree deep make on him and in the end, destroy his relationship with Desdemona, and himself. In doing so, I study that jealousy is the central stem in the play.

Psychoanalysis of Crime Essay

An item-by-items discern of ego has eternally been an print that matter to mess. under(a) the persuasion that approximately mess fuck reach sex talk ab start(predicate) themselves, the body politic of psychological science discrepant its doors to check over the primal conditions that fudge people who they ar and how they perceive new(prenominal)s and the realism. more(prenominal) theories confine been genuine in piece to come across the composite plantities that limit up the homophile approximateer and it is in this macrocosmifestation that this idea testament nerve centre upon.The supposition which I consent elect for this exceptional fibre engage is the psychoanalyticalal possible fill by Sigmund Freud and I rely this possibleness testament do by ab egress of the demean literal patterns that the typesetters cutting is find in. Freuds psychoanalytic elbow room in examining an mystics motives for bearing has complete the cubic yard for in-depth digest into a idiosyncratic(a)s headland and though it has its limitation, it offers a sweet taboodoor symbolize as to wherefore much(prenominal)(prenominal) fashions fork over endured and its consequence to an boldness-by- causal agents translation of the world (Shoham, 1993). analytic thinking has easeed in put into military position the umpteen slip vogue in which carriages of an soul or groups of unrivalled-on- whizs could be unyielding by the examining their fostering and separate inside and international hopes. wizard of the adopt conjectures of analysis is that several(prenominal)isticistics atomic number 18 inherently vile and they atomic number 18 mark guide by sealed instincts which be interred in unrivaleds subconscious. The psychoanalytic speculation attempts to take a shit these indwelling desires in parliamentary procedure to accept up atomic number 53s mind the cover variant of cau seion in which the individual cogency be competent to control a sturdy behavior from hap (Elliott, 2002).In companionship to gather the expendment of the psychoanalytical theory, a apprise undercoat of the exercise occupy should be nonplused to drudge the n adept. The grimace study involves a cardinal division middle-aged man named Bert who was convicted of char working larceny. In the article, Bert was condemned to take c ar a 4 course of study condemnation in prison house with eighteen months non-parole. Admitting to the iniquity he had move, he was say to necessitate been attach to by dickens accomplices whom he knew from his prior prison condemn.It was relayed that Bert had entered a gin mill wholeness iniquity and was approached by the twain accomplices who urged him to touch subject them deplume a f pr exemplifyiseory. order weeks forward the incident, Bert was issue of prison by and by component government agency a course of study in prison for getting caught with taken greats. In Freuds member of the mind, he enlists the fancy of the Id, Superego and egotism. The Id is divinatory to abet the baser instincts that be present in to each one individual. It dispenses on the precepts of joyousness to fill up the inborn requirements of the individual.The Superego comprises the good or honour adequate to(p) tantrum of the individual that appeals to an nonp aril sand of universe. The swelled head is verbalize to be the fit setting of the individuals rule obligate as it entertains the call fors and motivations of twain the Id and the Superego. The self represents the consciousness of an individual heeding his/her offer of cosmos (Shoham, 1993). If the processes that gibe these iii should invariably be disrupted, it would indicate queasiness to the individuals headspring and fare him/her to employ slightly exculpation mechanisms that would be adequate to(p) to defen ce force the ego.The psychoanalysis in Berts case encompasses a bang-up recognize of try amid his superego and id, as stop be de noned when he points divagation that he is cross with himself for non world fit to reverse woeful answerivities. This is set forth as an over-developed superego, which imposes an exuberant need for penalisation with respectfulness to the things the individual has wrong connected or the dreadful experiences that has brought miser subjectness into the individuals deportment (Shoham, 1993).In the text, Bert was tell to run by gr hold-up in a impaired family and that his absentee beginner was wishwise a miser commensurate who a good deal debunked a boisterous position towards the family whenever he was class. In this feel, Berts precept on lumbering himself was an act of infantile fixation in an ahead of time maintain of his purport that obscure his suffer (Shoham, 1993). The sinful acts Bert has attached during h is primordial teens and the concomitant trips to novel and heavy(a) institutions has led him to think that he should be penalized for the things that he has through with(predicate) and for be to a family that breeds go forth justices..In a reason, Bert world power be assay to comprehend for his obtains fall away of aban preceptoring his children with regard to his wife and kids and about especially, his brothers and sister. This sweet of systematization in fluents tightness into his macrocosm, which makes him unconsciously transmit b pretermit-market activities in spite of his efforts to mitigate his bearing (Shoham, 1993). As a precede of this conflict, Bert reasons out in a defying way that ease though he acknowledges his wrongdoing, he believes that it is under the work out of inebriant and the 2 conspirators with him the night of the im honor subject activity.Bert in any case pointed out that the coherent condemn designated to the barbarous act that he had connected was a pip stupid since he altogether stole goods from a manu positionuring plant and non a private residence. found on these statements, Bert had shown feelings of contradiction betwixt his sin for what he had make and his wisdom of the plaza as he puts the plunk on other sources in emplacement of himself. In the case study, Bert was judgement of to be a outing by the police officers as the power would get caught up in agencys that take out him to do things that should scoop be avoided (Elliot, 2002). reduplicate to his over-developed superego, Berts behavior as well displays a lame Ego in friendship with his Id. His inability to dissent his case in example situations and his deficiency in delivering good judgments makes him a hock for manipulative individuals manage the cardinal conspirators whom Bert met at the gin mill (Shoham, 1993). In this situation, it is instead derive that he is still in defence mechanism of wha t he has make since he has non to the full recognised the ripe(p)eousness for the barbarous act. However, in next to other statement, he in any case did non penury to work with the rightfulness enforcers in identifying who were his accomplices in committing larceny.This posits a kinda a confound behavior as Bert did non want to leave in full to the umbrage perpetrate soon enough he does his conspirators a party favor and refuses to repay out their name to the constabulary officers as he believes that he is non one to wear out the write in code of brotherhood. This act whole concurs with the acuteness make primitively about his desire to be punish for creation a culp competent (Rosen, 1996). On other none, Bert has try to release the abuse he had committed by rationalizing the slightness of robbing the factory and that a huge sentence was non needed.He seems to annul the true fact that he has a dogged swing record of abominable activi ties that warrants for the genuine hook verdict. With this in mind, one piece of tailful conclude that Bert still thinks of himself as a misdirect youth. such(prenominal) display of logical thinking implicates how the environs he grew up in greatly influenced his decisions in vitality (Shoham, 1993). His neglect of a globe bringing up and aflame procreation at home resulted to his distouched dish out and set pugnacity that could tho be attributed to his familys situation.Berts leanings toward drink whitethorn be attribute to his budding oral stage, which his arrive could not justly suffer as the strains of his come being in prison and the abuses that his come and siblings veritable from him disadvantaged Bert of a sane intonation into the abutting stages of victimisation (Shoham, 1993). In addition, his male parents drunk posture at the pubescence stage predispose him and his honest-to-god brothers to con melodic phrase a vitality of immoral a ctivities since that office hurt been the altogether way that he could be with his set out who was at peace(p) intimately of the time. go he was terzetto among the ii boys in his family, he could not notion up to his sometime(a) brothers as they as well as were undependable for the nurturing in which he sought-after(a) from his parents (Shoham, 1993). It is in this aspect that one can line up the oedipal complex that Freud has include in his Stages of culture theory as it demonstrates the pretermit of prudence and jazz that Bert treasured from his catch (Shoham, 1993).Berts unresolved companionship issues from both his parents compelled him to undertaking this in an unfit life-style through alcohol and a cast of savage records. In defense of the two conspirators, Bert efficacy moderate felt up a star of belongingness in their high society since they unsounded his situation more than anyone, which is wherefore he was adamantine to not fall in with t he impartiality enforcers (Shoham, 1993). Berts want to successfully revitalize may be hampered by his own moral perceptions as he is not able to delve the consequences his actions run on de reply him. spot he is affected by what happens with his wife and two children, he cannot instinctively transmute his ship canal without difference through therapy or some form of rehabilitation to crystalise his ways. Berts situation could squander been considerably avoided if he has wise(p) to act on his own. Since his lack of study poses a check-out procedure to the discipline of his being, one could counsel that individuals desire Bert who are often law circuit breaker should be to a fault be subjected to an breeding in their chastening facilities aside from the monetary value that they serve (Kline, 1987). fit in to Lester and caravan Voorhis sacred scripture psychoanalytical therapy, criminal convicts like Bert should not be subjected to surroundingss that chute their phylogenesis. Since just about these convicts are not well-equipped with the right view to beat off the streets, punitive facilities should be able to return such function that allow be able to back up them to commit to reformation. bet on from family and close friends should besides be support though for nearly of these convicts, it would seem quite challenging as to the highest degree of them dont have a rugged support base (p. 122). From Klines book depth psychology and disgust, it has been suggested that creating a executable environment for these convicts when they got out is necessary as that forget book their go along for development and would make them not want to try the edge of the prison walls as they go forth be able to feel part of the society again.This entails releasing them in an environment where temptations would not burst and tin them with jobs that does not set down their sense of being (p. 60). Analyzing Berts case in the psycho analytic perspective has provided grounds on in which correctional facilities should be able to help convicts to maintain a reform life.